Effects of Large-Scale Orography on January Atmospheric Circulation: A Numerical Experiment

Tokioka, Tatsushi; Noda, Akira

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.64.6_819

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore, the mountain effect is slightly larger than the land-sea distribution effect, but they are of the same order of magnitude. This is in accord with the previous studies (e.g., Held 1983;Tokioka and Noda 1986). For a creation of the trough around Japan, both effects are of comparable magnitude.…”

Section: Model and Experimentssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In the tropics, easterlies are located over Africa, Indonesia and South America. In July, the westerly becomes weak and displaced northward, but its location over Siberia is too far northward than the observations (Kitoh et al 1995). The region with easterlies over Africa and the Indian Ocean becomes wider and the easterly jet is stronger in July than in January.…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…A global coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (MRI CGCM1, Tokioka et al 1995) is used for this simulation. The atmospheric part of the model has a horizontal resolution of 4 latitude by 5 longitude, and 15 vertical levels with the model top at 1 hPa.…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4c shows the difference between M and NM. They can be ascribed as the thermally forced component (NM) and orographically forced component (M-NM), respectively (Tokioka and Noda 1986). To estimate relative roles of the two effects, a variance of the 500 hPa stationary eddy field is calculated in M-NM, respectively.…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the previous model studies are conducted by atmospheric general circulation models (e.g., Kasahara et al 1973;Manabe and Terpstra 1974;Hahn and Manabe 1975;Tokioka and Noda 1986;Kutzbach et al 1989;Broccoli and Manabe 1992), and focused on climate over land. The uplift of the Tibetan plateau is also a theme of studying late Cenozoic climate Kutzbach et al 1989;Raymo and Ruddiman 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Large-Scale Mountains on Surface Climate. A Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model Study.

Kitoh¹

2002

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Effect of mountain uplift on climate is investigated by a global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model with an emphasis on surface temperature changes. Results of the no-mountain run (NM) are compared with those of the control run with the present-day orography (M). When the lapserate effect is eliminated, continent interior becomes warmer with mountain uplift because clouds become fewer and the surface drier due to decreased moisture transport. On the other hand, South Asia and East Asia become cooler because summer monsoon precipitation is stronger, which makes the land surface wetter and increases clouds. Over the ocean, the existence of orography has a role to reduce sea surface temperatures (SST), particularly over the subtropical eastern oceans. This occurs because evaporation is larger due to stronger trade winds and also less solar radiation reaches the surface due to more low-level clouds, both associated with stronger subtropical anticyclones in M. The subtropical gyre is stronger in M than in NM, and therefore, the Kuroshio Current is stronger in M. When the effect of the ocean general circulation is not included, the SST over the western north Pacific becomes much lower in M than in NM because of stronger cold air outbreak from Siberia in winter in M. Thus, the ocean circulation changes act to reduce the SST changes by heat transport.

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Section: Model and Experimentssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%