Effects of lactoferrin on non-specific immune responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus auratus L.)

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family. Abundant expression and secretion of lactoferrin, in particular in milk and fluids of the digestive tract, are related to its implication in the first line of host defense. Lactoferrin is also a prominent component of the secondary granules of neutrophils (PMNs) and is released in infected tissues and blood during the inflammatory process. In addition to its direct antimicrobial properties, the abilities of lactoferrin to regulate the immune response and to protect against infection and septic shock have been described in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms that account for the modulation of the inflammatory and immune responses by lactoferrin are not yet totally elucidated, many are now established. At the cellular level, lactoferrin modulates the migration, maturation and function of immune cells. At the molecular level and in addition to iron binding, interactions of lactoferrin with a plethora of compounds, either soluble or membrane molecules, account for its modulatory properties. This paper reviews our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that explain the regulatory properties of lactoferrin in host defence.

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“…Lf shows effects on non-specifi c immune responses in fi sh [121]. The humoral immune response was not infl uenced by Lf feeding.…”

Section: Applications In the Prevention Of Infl Ammatory Diseases Andmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Lf seems to affect innate immune cellular activity, mainly respiratory burst and natural cytotoxic activity. Lf was proposed as a possible immunostimulant for farmed gilthead seabream [121]. Liposomal Lf was shown to increase IFN-a production and NK activity in healthy volunters [122].…”

Section: Applications In the Prevention Of Infl Ammatory Diseases Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactoferrin

Legrand

Elass

Carpentier

et al. 2005

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

351

117

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“…Even though Lf has numerous immune-stimulating properties [134][135][136], little is known about the actual mechanisms involved. Intracellular localization of Lf may result in regulation of host cell protein expression.…”

Section: Intracellular Targets For Lfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti herpes simplex virus activity of lactoferrin/lactoferricin – an example of antiviral activity of antimicrobial protein/peptide

Jenssen¹

2005

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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One of the most common viral infections in humans is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It was first effectively treated in the 1970s with the introduction of acyclovir, which is still the most commonly used treatment. Naturally occurring antimicrobial proteins and peptides have also been shown to possess antiviral activity against HSV. This review will focus on the anti-HSV activity of one such protein, lactoferrin, and a small peptide fragment from its N-terminal domain, lactoferricin. Both components have been shown to effectively block entry of HSV into the host cell. In addition to blocking HSV entry, the peptides appear to have immune stimulatory activity, although this is still somewhat controversial. Mode of action studies and knowledge about the anti-HSV activity of lactoferricin have also been successfully employed in the design of new, more specific HSV blockers.

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“…Some studies do exists on the in vivo administration of chitin and it has been found that injection or dietary administration of chitin may enhance the innate immune system of several fish species [93]. Esteban [94] reported that dietary administration of lactoferrin, a glycoprotein enhances the nonspecific immune responses of gilthead seabream Sparus auratus. Sodium alginate extracted from brown algae has been reported to enhance the resistance of common carp Cyprinus carpio against Edwadsiella tarda infection and increase the nonspecific defence system of C. carpio [95].…”

Section: Immunostimulants In Aquaculture Health Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%