Effects of Intratesticular and Incisional Local Anesthetic Administration for Castration of Alpacas Anesthetized with Intramuscular Ketamine–Xylazine–Butorphanol

Nickell, Jordan; Barter, Linda S; Dechant, Julie E.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12285.x

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results provide promising insights into the potential benefits of incorporating intratesticular lidocaine in rabbit orchiectomy. The increased number of responses to surgical stimulation in group S suggests a localized antinociceptive effect exerted by intratesticular lidocaine in group L. Despite the widespread use of intratesticular lidocaine and its assessment across various species [3][4][5][20][21][22], a comprehensive understanding of its mode of action is not fully known. Following the intratesticular administration of radiolabeled lidocaine in two horses, substantial uptake into the spermatic cord was evident, indicative of a localized effect [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgical neutering is a routine procedure that most pet rabbits undergo to prevent reproduction and the development of unwanted behaviors and hormone-induced diseases [1,2]. In veterinary medicine, orchiectomy is typically performed under general anesthesia, with an anesthetic level sufficient to prevent autonomic and motor responses related to the surgical stimulus [3,4]. To avoid adverse effects related to high doses of anesthetic drugs, it is preferred to combine multiple classes of drugs, reducing doses and achieving balanced anesthesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the use of local anesthetics during castration is generally simple and cost-effective, further reducing anesthetic requirements and minimizing response to surgical stimulus. Furthermore, local anesthesia is a common practice in veterinary medicine in the form of intratesticular or intrafunicular injections [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Intratesticular Lidocaine in Pet Rabbits Undergoing Orchiectomy

Serpieri,

Bonaffini,

Ottino

et al. 2024

Animals

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The use of local anesthetics for castration is both simple and cost-effective, and it may contribute to reducing the anesthetic requirements. Despite its common use in clinical practice, the literature regarding the effects of intratesticular lidocaine in rabbits is limited. In this study, nine rabbits per group were assigned to intratesticularly receive either 2% lidocaine (0.05 mL/kg into each testicle) or an equivalent volume of saline prior to elective orchiectomy. Anesthesia was induced by intranasal administration of ketamine, medetomidine, and butorphanol. During intraoperative assessment, no significant differences in vital parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral saturation of oxygen) were observed between the groups. However, rabbits receiving intratesticular saline displayed a higher incidence of responses to surgical stimuli. Postoperative pain was evaluated using the composite Centro Animali Non Convenzionali Rabbit Scale (CANCRS), revealing a significantly lower score at the initial post-surgery assessment in rabbits treated with intratesticular lidocaine. All subjects exhibited rapid resumption of food intake and fecal output. While all rabbits demonstrated satisfactory perioperative performances, the use of intratesticular lidocaine was associated with a diminished response to surgical stimuli. Consequently, this practice has the potential to reduce the requirement for additional anesthetics or analgesics, promoting faster recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Intratesticular Lidocaine in Pet Rabbits Undergoing Orchiectomy

Serpieri,

Bonaffini,

Ottino

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…Orchiectomy, a common procedure performed in domestic species, is considered a painful surgery in veterinary practice [1] . This surgery is performed under general and/or local anesthesia, with local anesthesia being more common in large animals [2][3][4] . Using local anesthesia would reduce both the costs and complications associated with general anesthesia and provide adequate intra-and postoperative analgesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orşiektomi Yapılan Sedasyonlu Köpeklerde Epidural Deksmedetomidinin Fizibilite, Reverzibilite ve Kardiyorespiratuvar Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Rastabi¹,

Naddaf²,

Mosallanejad³

et al. 2019

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether epidural dexmedetomidine (DEX) produces sufficient anti-nociception with reversible sedation and cardiorespiratory changes in sedated dogs undergoing orchiectomy. Twelve male dogs weighing 21.7±5.2 kg were used. Dogs received acepromazine (0.025 mg/kg) and morphine (0.25 mg/kg) intramuscularly and a second dose of morphine (0.125 mg/kg) intravenously (IV). DEX (3 µg/kg) was administered epidurally to all dogs (n=12). After confirming complete sensory blockade of the prescrotal region, orchiectomy was performed. If any discomfort was detected during surgery, 2-3 mL lidocaine 1% (maximum two times) was applied into the painful area. Sixty minutes after epidural application, dogs were randomly assigned to receive either treatment of atipamezole (ATP; n=6) or saline (SAL; n=6) IV. None of the dogs required general anesthesia; however, nine out of twelve dogs received lidocaine. The duration of sensory blockade was significantly shorter in ATP than that of SAL. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature showed significantly lower values compared with base after administration of DEX. Administration of atipamezole reversed sedation, sensory blockade and cardiorespiratory changes. In conclusion, epidural DEX did not produce adequate anti-nociception during orchiectomy in sedated dogs. Sedation, sensory blockade and cardiorespiratory changes induced by epidural DEX can be reversed by IV administration of atipamezole.

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“…There are many reports in the literature of veterinary medicine that describe the benefits of local intratesticular, scrotal sac and spermatic cord anesthesia for controlling the pain and stress associated with the effects of castration in many species (Haga and Ranheim, 2005;Suriano et al, 2014;Nickell et al, 2015). They do not make recommendations as to how many scrotal incisions should be made, but the most common technique uses two incisions rather than one (Fredriksen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermography and Metabolic Changes in Castrated Piglets due to the Effects of Age and the Number of Incisions in the Testicles

Pérez-Pedraza¹,

Mota-Rojas²,

González-Lozano³

et al. 2018

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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The objective of the study was to evaluate infrared temperature and metabolic responses in different-aged piglets castrated surgically with one or two incisions. The piglets were divided into groups according to age (5-and 13-day old) and the number of incisions: simulated castration; castration with one incision (C1I5 and C1I13); and castration via two incisions (C2I5 and C2I13). Temperature evaluations were performed with an infrared thermal thermography camera in the eyes, the thorax and the scrotal area, at 24 h before castration (RV), immediately after castration (PC), 24 and 48 h post-surgery. The study also evaluated plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. The thorax presented lower infrared temperature in the groups C1I13 and C2I13 than those in C1I5 and C2I5 (p<0.05). Regardless of age and type of castration, plasma lactate values increased PC (P=0.0001). The piglets castrated at 5 days of age were less susceptible to presenting temperature changes regardless of the number of incisions, while the animals castrated at 13 days with two incisions showed lower temperatures and imbalances in plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. Castration in piglets of 13 days causes a decrease in temperature in the lacrimal caruncle immediately after performing surgery. The physiological responses caused by castration are less marked in 5-day-old piglets.

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Effects of Intratesticular and Incisional Local Anesthetic Administration for Castration of Alpacas Anesthetized with Intramuscular Ketamine–Xylazine–Butorphanol

Abstract: Intratesticular local anesthetic blunts autonomic response and facilitates castration in alpacas anesthetized with BKX with minimal negative effects. Bupivacaine may have some benefit for local anesthesia during castration compared with lidocaine.

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of Intratesticular Lidocaine in Pet Rabbits Undergoing Orchiectomy

Effects of Intratesticular Lidocaine in Pet Rabbits Undergoing Orchiectomy

Orşiektomi Yapılan Sedasyonlu Köpeklerde Epidural Deksmedetomidinin Fizibilite, Reverzibilite ve Kardiyorespiratuvar Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Infrared Thermography and Metabolic Changes in Castrated Piglets due to the Effects of Age and the Number of Incisions in the Testicles

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