The objective of this study was to determine the effect of local anesthesia and the number of incisions performed on the physiological blood profile of piglets after surgical castration. A total of 60 male piglets were divided into five groups of 12 each, based on the surgical method employed and the use, or not, of local anesthesia, as follows: surgical castration using one horizontal incision in both testicles with (C1+L) and without (C1) local anesthesia; surgical castration using two vertical scrotal incisions with and without local anesthesia (C2+L and C2); and control piglets which were removed from their pens and held head-down by their hind limbs for approximately 90 s to simulate castration (SIM). Reference blood samples were drawn 24 h before castration (RV), immediately after surgery or simulated castration (PC), and at 24 and 48 h post-castration, to determine physiological profiles including; pH, hematocrit, glucose, electrolytes, lactate, pCO2 (mmHg), SO2 (mmHg), and bicarbonate. Results showed increases in lactate and hematocrit immediately after surgical or simulated castration with decreases in pH, HCO3− and base excess (BE). Surgical castration produced marked alterations of the physiological profile, detected by reduced pH and HCO3, higher lactate levels and BE alterations. These changes indicated metabolic acidosis that was greater in the piglets castrated surgically with one horizontal incision than in those castrated with two vertical incisions. More research is needed on the use of lidocaine during surgical castration, as it showed no effect on physiological profile in this study, but did alter hematocrit values.
The objective of the study was to evaluate infrared temperature and metabolic responses in different-aged piglets castrated surgically with one or two incisions. The piglets were divided into groups according to age (5-and 13-day old) and the number of incisions: simulated castration; castration with one incision (C1I5 and C1I13); and castration via two incisions (C2I5 and C2I13). Temperature evaluations were performed with an infrared thermal thermography camera in the eyes, the thorax and the scrotal area, at 24 h before castration (RV), immediately after castration (PC), 24 and 48 h post-surgery. The study also evaluated plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. The thorax presented lower infrared temperature in the groups C1I13 and C2I13 than those in C1I5 and C2I5 (p<0.05). Regardless of age and type of castration, plasma lactate values increased PC (P=0.0001). The piglets castrated at 5 days of age were less susceptible to presenting temperature changes regardless of the number of incisions, while the animals castrated at 13 days with two incisions showed lower temperatures and imbalances in plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. Castration in piglets of 13 days causes a decrease in temperature in the lacrimal caruncle immediately after performing surgery. The physiological responses caused by castration are less marked in 5-day-old piglets.
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