Effects of Increasing Concentrations of Sodium Sulfite on Deoxynivalenol and Deoxynivalenol Sulfonate Concentrations of Maize Kernels and Maize Meal Preserved at Various Moisture Content

Abstract

Under moderate climatic conditions, deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination occurs frequently on cereals. Detoxification measures are required to avoid adverse effects on farm animals. In the present study, a wet preservation method with sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) and propionic acid was tested to titrate the optimum Na2SO3-dose for maximum DON reduction of contaminated maize kernels and meal and to examine the interaction between dose and moisture content in dependence on the preservation duration. The DON concentration decreased with increasing amounts of supplemented Na2SO3 and with increasing duration of the preservation period in a bi-exponential fashion. Additionally, the feed structure and moisture content had a significant influence on the decontaminating effect. Variants with 30% moisture content favored higher DON reduction rates compared to 14% moisture, but especially at low moisture contents, DON reduction was more pronounced in maize kernels than in maize meal. In addition to the decrease of DON, a concomitant formation of three different DON sulfonates was observed which differed in their formation pattern over the time course of preservation. The overall results and statistical analysis clarified that Na2SO3 addition of 10 g/kg maize at 30% moisture for eight days was necessary to obtain a complete DON reduction.

Effects of potential detoxifying agents on growth performance and deoxynivalenol (DON) urinary balance characteristics of nursery pigs fed DON-contaminated wheat1,2

“…The method used for DON-sulfonate analysis was described in Beyer et al (2010). The primary objective of DON-sulfonate analysis was to confirm that the decreased analyzed DON in the pelleted NC + SMB diet was due to DON structural modification to form DONsulfonate, as demonstrated in prior research (Young et al, 1986;Paulick et al, 2015). An automated electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/ MS) approach was used, and data acquisition and analysis were performed as in Beyer et al (2010).…”

Detoxifying deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated feedstuff: consequences of sodium sulphite (SoS) treatment on performance and blood parameters in fattening pigs

“…Two different maize batches, background-contaminated (CON) and Fusarium-toxin contaminated (DON) maize, generated by artificial inoculation with Fusarium graminearum spores as described in Paulick et al (2015a) and Paulick et al (2018) were used for the present feeding experiment. Both maize batches were wet-preserved for 63-70 d with one of three SoS concentrations (0.0, 2.5, or 5 g SoS/kg maize kernels), treated with 15 g propionic acid/kg maize at 20% moisture content.…”

“…microbial degradation) (Awad et al 2010;He et al 2010;Young 1986). It was revealed that chemical detoxification of DON-contaminated cereals with sulphur salts was successful (Dänicke et al 2005;Paulick et al 2015a;Tran et al 2018a;Young et al 1987). Young et al (1987) described a considerable DON reduction after autoclaving contaminated corn in the presence of sodium sulphite.…”

“…Schwartz et al (2013) demonstrated that detoxification of DON is accompanied by formation of three structurally different, less toxic sulfonated DON derivatives, called DON-sulfonates (DONS1, DONS2 and DONS3). Paulick et al (2015a) investigated effects of sodium sulphite (SoS) treatment on DON reduction and impact of increasing DONS concentrations in maize. A study with piglets showed that feeding a diet with SoS-treated DON-contaminated maize yielded performances comparable to the uncontaminated control diet (Paulick et al 2018).…”

Effects of potential detoxifying agents on growth performance and deoxynivalenol (DON) urinary balance characteristics of nursery pigs fed DON-contaminated wheat

“…The primary objective of DON-sulfonate analysis was to confirm that the decreased analyzed DON in the pelleted NC + SMB diet was due to DON structural modification to form DONsulfonate, as demonstrated in prior research (Young et al, 1986;Paulick et al, 2015). An automated electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/ MS) approach was used, and data acquisition and analysis were performed as in Beyer et al (2010).…”