Detoxifying deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated feedstuff: consequences of sodium sulphite (SoS) treatment on performance and blood parameters in fattening pigs

Abstract

A 10-week feeding experiment was carried out examining the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated maize treated with different sodium sulphite (SoS) concentrations on performance, health and DON-plasma concentrations in fattening pigs. Two maize batches were used: background-contaminated (CON, 0.73 mg/kg maize) and Fusarium-toxin contaminated (DON, 44.45 mg/kg maize) maize. Both were wet preserved at 20% moisture content, with one of three (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 g/kg maize) sodium sulphite concentrations and propionic acid (15%). Each maize batch was then mixed into a barley-wheat-based diet at a proportion of 10%, resulting in the following 6 feeding groups: CON− (CON + 0.0 g SoS/kg maize), CON2.5 (CON + 2.5 g SoS/ kg maize), CON5.0 (CON + 5.0 g SoS/kg maize), DON-(DON + 0.0 g SoS/kg maize), DON2.5 (DON + 2.5 g SoS/kg maize) and DON5.0 (DON + 5.0 g SoS/kg maize). Dietary DON concentration was reduced by~36% in group DON2.5 and~63% in group DON5.0. There was no impact on ZEN concentration in the diets due to SoS treatment. Pigs receiving diet DON-showed markedly lower feed intake (FI) compared to those fed the control diets. With SoS-treatment of maize, FI of pigs fed the DON diet (DON5.0: 3.35 kg/d) were comparable to that control (CON−: 3.30 kg/day), and these effects were also reflected in live weight gain. There were some effects of SoS, DON or their interaction on serum urea, cholesterol and albumin, but always within the physiological range and thus likely negligible. SoS wet preservation of Fusarium-toxin contaminated maize successfully detoxified DON to its innocuous sulfonates, thus restoring impaired performance in fatteners.

Protective effect of a new generation of activated and purified bentonite in combination with yeast and phytogenic substances on mycotoxin challenge in pigs

“…In the subsequent experiment Tran, et al proved that sodium sulphite did not affect liver function, redox status and blood cell counts [ 49 ]. In another study, sodium sulphite (5 g/kg with 15% of propionic acid) helped to maintain feed intake and growth performance of pigs after DON exposure in feed (44.45 mg/kg maize) [ 21 ]. The main disadvantage of sodium sulphite usage might be less efficiency to zearalenone elimination.…”

“…This reaction proceeds under mild conditions as a physiological pH and temperature [ 14 ]. In this modification, used additional substances with free sulphur group such as sodium metabisulphite, monome-thylamine or sodium sulphite can be used in combination other DON adsorbents [ 17 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…More recent attention has focused on the application of yeast cell walls for DON elimination [ 21 , 23 ]. Main compounds identified to be perspective in term of DON adsorption are β-glucans, glucomanns and mannan-oligosaccharides [ 22 ].…”

The King of Chinese Medicine——Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): All-round Inquiry in its Chemical Composition, Pharmacodynamics, Traditional and Medicinal Value

“…Deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxic metabolite produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum , is commonly found in contaminated grains, food, and animal feed and poses a serious threat to animal and human health [46] . Studies have shown that the addition of glycyrrhizic acid to pig feed can significantly reduce DON residues in the serum, liver, and feces, improve the growth performance of DON-infected piglets, and reduce intestinal damage caused by DON.…”

Features of the functioning of the natural defense mechanisms of piglets under the influence of immunotropic substances

“…Subsequently, piglet mortality gradually decreases to 0.02 % in the period from 4 to 22 weeks after birth. Such mortality rates are directly related to the functioning of piglets' immune defence mechanisms level (Bahrenthien et al, 2020). Newborns that do not receive colostrum in the first 4-6 hours after birth die within the first few days of life .…”