Protective effect of a new generation of activated and purified bentonite in combination with yeast and phytogenic substances on mycotoxin challenge in pigs

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of new mycotoxin adsorbents based on purified and activated bentonites combined with yeast and phytogenic compounds in fattening pigs. The experiment involved 96 pigs (31.2±2.4 kg). Control (C) group was fed a diet naturally contaminated with mycotoxins (5 mg/kg deoxynivalenol, DON) without an adsorbent. Treated groups received the feed with mycotoxin adsorbents: purified and activated bentonite (T1), purified and activated bentonite, yeast derivatives, phytogenic substances (T2), and purified, activated, and sulphurated bentonite with phytogenic substances (T3). Evaluated parameters involved growth performance, organ weight, small intestine and liver histopathology, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status of the organism and total and free DON content in urine. In all treated groups, an significant increase in intestinal GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio was observed when compared to C. No significant effects on liver and kidney weight, complete blood count, serum or intestinal malondialdehyde concentration, or total/free DON content in urine were observed. All adsorbents improved histopathological findings in the liver when compared to C. Moreover, T1, and T2 groups showed no presence of inflammatory reaction or necrotic changes in the livers. Although, mycotoxin adsorbents investigated in this study had no significant impact on pig growth performance, they reduced the oxidative stress, and on the tissue level they protected the jejunal tissue and liver parenchyma under deoxynivalenol challenge.

Is a new generation of mycotoxin clay adsorbents safe in a pig’s diet?

“…While bentonite can absorb many organic and inorganic materials in an animal's gastrointestinal tract, it is reported not to affect mineral metabolism [ 7 ]. One of the main aspects is the size of the particles, which is crucial for increasing the adsorption capacity [ 8 ]. There is a general belief in the scientific community that clays with high adsorption capacity can balance essential nutrients in addition to antinutrients.…”

Study of Sporo-Lex probiotic effectiveness on pigs

“…Встановлено, що застосування пробіотику Споро-лекс впливає на вміст бактерій групи кишкової палички: у тварин дослідної групи на 25 добу спостерігали достовірне зниження концентрації БГКП до (3,2±0,7)×105, водночас у тварин контрольної групи їх концентрація становила (9,8±0,3)×105. 2021), у своїх дослідженнях вони використовували сорбент на основі очищених та активованих бентонітів у поєднанні з дріжджами і рослинними сполуками за відгодівлі свиней [9]. Також деякі автори повідомляють про використання фітобіотиків із сорбентом для зниження негативного впливу низки мікотоксинів у раціонах годівлі свиней [10].…”

Avaliação da eficácia de diferentes adsorventes para redução de efeitos tóxicos combinados de micotoxinas na alimentação de vacas em lactação

“…Nos últimos anos, uma série de estudos in vitro foram conduzidos em busca de compreender a biodegradação de tricotecenos no rúmen de vacas, através de modelos A remoção ou degradação de micotoxinas da dieta bovina por leveduras apresenta boas perspectivas, sendo necessário aprimoramento no conhecimento dos mecanismos de desintoxicação por microrganismos, seus potenciais efeitos nas características dos alimentos e formas de utilização desses métodos (Gonçalves et al, 2017;Gonçalves, Muaz, et al, 2020;Khadivi et al, 2020). A utilização simultânea de compostos minerais, leveduras e compostos fitogênicos, também pode ser uma alternativa em prol de potencializar os efeitos de redução de micotoxinas na dieta (Almeida Rego et al, 2021;Horky et al, 2021), buscando equilíbrio frente as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de um único agente redutor.…”