Effects of immunopotentiating agents on the immune response of rainbow trout, Salmo gair dneri Richardson, to ERM vaccine

Abstract

The use of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and the saponin Quil-A as a means of potentiating the immune response elicited by immersion vaccination of Saho guirdneri with a commercial enteric redmouth (ERM) vaccine was investigated. The bactericidal activity of trout serum to Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of ERM, was enhanced by vaccination, although non-specific factors appear to serve an important defensive function. Whilst the use of BCG and Quil-A produced no conclusive improvement of the immune response, as determined by bacteria1 agglutination and serum bactericidal activity, some enhancement of in vivo bacterial clearance was apparent. Dinerences were observed in the susceptibility to trout serum of the three strains of Y. ruckeri tested.

Effect of Henna (Lawsonia inermis) extract on the immunity and survival of common carp, Cyprinus carpio infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…The minimum number of bacterial colonies was recorded on day 10 post-treatment. Similarly, Quil-A, a fraction from Quillaja saponaria Molina, has enhanced serum bactericidal activity in Salmo gairdneri Richardson (Grayson et al 1987). In addition, an increase in serum bactericidal activity in tilapia (Divyagnaneswari et al 2008) in Indian major carp (Rao et al 2006), in common carp (Alishahi and Abdy 2013) and in ornamental gold fish (Anusha et al 2014) has reported after the administration of various herbal extracts.…”

Adjuvant effects of saponins on animal immune responses

“…Saponins have been widely used as adjuvants for many years and have been included in several veterinary vaccines. The adjuvant action of saponins was, however, not so pronounced in some of the non-mammalian species tested (Cossarini-Dunier, 1985;Grayson et al, 1987).…”

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…Quillaja saponin enhanced chemotactic activity of head kidney leukocytes after oral administration in yellowtail (Ninomiya et al, 1995). Grayson et al (1987) report that adding Quil-A to a commercial Yersinia ruckeri immersion vaccine did not result in increased bacterial agglutination or serum bactericidal activity, but did increase in vivo bacterial clearance from the bloodstream. Ashida et al (1999a and report increased survival of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to Edwarsiella tarda infection and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata to Enterococcus seriolicida infection in fish fed Quillaja saponins.…”