Effects of high extracellular magnesium on electrophysiological properties of membranes of Retzius neurons in leech Haemopis sanguisuga

Stanojević, Miroslav; Lopičić, Srdjan; Spasić, Svetolik; Vuković, Irena; Nedeljkov, Vladimir; Prostran, Milica

doi:10.5601/jelem.2015.20.1.887

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the depolarization effect of magnesium ions, including the inhibition of the activity of certain types of potassium channels that favor a depolarized membrane and the increase of the activity of the 1 Na + /1 Mg 2+ antiport that depolarizes membranes [2,3]. However, in the present study, a quantum mechanical approach is used to explain the depolarization effect of magnesium ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Magnesium Ions Depolarize the Neuronal Membrane via Quantum Tunneling through the Closed Channels

Qaswal¹

2020

Quantum Reports

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Magnesium ions have many cellular actions including the suppression of the excitability of neurons; however, the depolarization effect of magnesium ions seems to be contradictory. Thus several hypotheses have aimed to explain this effect. In this study, a quantum mechanical approach is used to explain the depolarization action of magnesium. The model of quantum tunneling of magnesium ions through the closed sodium voltage-gated channels was adopted to calculate the quantum conductance of magnesium ions, and a modified version of Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz equation was used to determine whether this quantum conductance was significant in affecting the resting membrane potential of neurons. Accordingly, it was found that extracellular magnesium ions can exhibit a depolarization effect on membrane potential, and the degree of this depolarization depends on the tunneling probability, the channels’ selectivity to magnesium ions, the channels’ density in the neuronal membrane, and the extracellular magnesium concentration. In addition, extracellular magnesium ions achieve a quantum conductance much higher than intracellular ones because they have a higher kinetic energy. This study aims to identify the mechanism of the depolarization action of magnesium because this may help in offering better therapeutic solutions for fetal neuroprotection and in stabilizing the mood of bipolar patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, one contradictory feature of magnesium has been documented. This feature is the ability of magnesium ions to depolarize resting membrane potential, which increases the excitability of neurons in contrast to the actual actions of magnesium, but the overall net effect is to suppress excitability [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Ions Depolarize the Neuronal Membrane via Quantum Tunneling through the Closed Channels

Qaswal¹

2020

Quantum Reports

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“…Here, in the context of membrane depolarization induced by lithium, magnesium ions should be mentioned. Interestingly, magnesium also depolarizes the membrane potential [58][59][60]; hence magnesium can augment the antiviral actions of lithium. However, since the effect of membrane depolarization is determined by the ion transport through the sodium channels, lithium will have a higher tendency to depolarize the membrane potential because sodium channels are more selective for lithium than magnesium [61].…”

Section: The Potential Role Of Lithium In Fighting Sars-cov-2 Via Membrane Depolarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Lithium as an Antiviral Agent against SARS-CoV-2 via Membrane Depolarization: Review and Hypothesis

Qaswal

Suleiman²,

Guzu

et al. 2021

Sci. Pharm.

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Studies on potential treatments of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are important to improve the global situation in the face of the pandemic. This review proposes lithium as a potential drug to treat COVID-19. Our hypothesis states that lithium can suppress NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity, inhibit cell death, and exhibit immunomodulation via membrane depolarization. Our hypothesis was formulated after finding consistent correlations between these actions and membrane depolarization induced by lithium. Eventually, lithium could serve to mitigate the NLRP3-mediated cytokine storm, which is allegedly reported to be the inciting event of a series of retrogressive events associated with mortality from COVID-19. It could also inhibit cell death and modulate the immune system to attenuate its release, clear the virus from the body, and interrupt the cycle of immune-system dysregulation. Therefore, these effects are presumed to improve the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. As the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to rise exponentially without a clear consensus on potential therapeutic agents, urgent conduction of preclinical and clinical studies to prove the efficacy and safety of lithium is reasonable.

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Magnesium Citrate Increases Pain Threshold and Reduces TLR4 Concentration in the Brain

Koç

Kızıldağ

Hoşgörler

et al. 2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Effects of high extracellular magnesium on electrophysiological properties of membranes of Retzius neurons in leech Haemopis sanguisuga

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Magnesium Ions Depolarize the Neuronal Membrane via Quantum Tunneling through the Closed Channels

Magnesium Ions Depolarize the Neuronal Membrane via Quantum Tunneling through the Closed Channels

The Potential Role of Lithium as an Antiviral Agent against SARS-CoV-2 via Membrane Depolarization: Review and Hypothesis

Magnesium Citrate Increases Pain Threshold and Reduces TLR4 Concentration in the Brain

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