Effects of Heat Stress on Growth, Physiology of Plants, Yield and Grain Quality of Different Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

Abstract

Heat stress is one of the major threats to wheat production in many wheat-growing areas of the world as it causes severe yield loss at the reproductive stage. In the current study, 28 crosses were developed using 11 parental lines, including 7 female lines and 4 male testers following line × tester matting design in 2018–2019. Twenty-eight crosses along with their 11 parental lines were sown in a randomized complete block design in triplicate under optimal and heat stress conditions. Fifteen different morpho-physiological and grain quality parameters were recorded at different growth stages. Analysis of variance illustrated the presence of highly significant differences among wheat genotypes for all traits under both optimal and heat stress conditions. The results of combining ability unveiled the predominant role of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of almost all the studied traits under both conditions. Among parents, 3 parental lines WL-27, WT-39, and WL-57 showed good combining ability under both normal and heat stress conditions. Among crosses, WL-8 × WT-17, WL-37 × WT-17, WL-7 × WT-39, and WL-37 × WT-39 portrayed the highest specific combining ability effects for grain yield and its related traits under optimal as well as heat stress conditions. Biplot and cluster analysis confirmed the results of general and specific combining ability by showing that these wheat crosses belonged to a highly productive and heat tolerant cluster. Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation of grain yield with net photosynthetic rate, thousand-grain rate, and the number of grains per spike. The designated parental lines and their crosses were selected for future breeding programs in the development of heat resilient, climate-smart wheat genotypes.

Line × tester Study in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Important Biochemical and Morphological Traits

“…However, the created inter-and intraspecific variation conditions genetic analysis and selection processes [5]. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among genotypes and their combinations [35]. In this context, our results exposed that there was considerable variation among the parental genotypes for different traits in experiments were conducted.…”

Influence of sowing dates and temperature variability on bread wheat productivity for some exotic and Egyptian genotypes under upper Egypt conditions

“…It was also founded that 1°C increase in temperature could reduce grain yield by 6%. (Riaz et al, 2021) reported that wheat grain yield is highly influenced by photosynthesis, which is one of the most important physiological processes for the plant.…”

“…Considerable genetic variation was observed between wheat genotypes for their resilience to high temperatures. To improve or develop wheat genotypes for high temperatures tolerance, the initial step is to assess all the cultivated species genetic variability for high temperatures tolerance and to select genotypes a high ability to withstand heat stress (Riaz et al, 2021).…”

Night-Warming Priming at the Vegetative Stage Alleviates Damage to the Flag Leaf Caused by Post-anthesis Warming in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Wheat is one of the three major crops in the world and the leading food crop in China, and its yield plays a key role in the food security and socioeconomic development of China (Slafer, 2003). High temperature in the post-anthesis period often accelerates wheat maturation and, thus, severely reduces wheat yield and quality (Riaz et al, 2021). Grain number is mainly determined during the period immediately preceding anthesis, and individual grain weight is defined during the grain-filling period (Karim et al, 2020).…”