Effects of hardener type, urea usage and conditioning period on the quality properties of particleboard

Atar, İlkay; Nemli, Gökay; Ayrılmış, Nadir; Baharoğlu, Mehmet; Sarı, Bünyamin; Bardak, Selahattin

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.078

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore, the UF adhesive is not stable at high humidity and temperature. Polycondensation of urea with formaldehyde usually results in hydrolytically sensitive bonds and low cross-link density which invariably increases sensitivity to losses in stress-bearing applications 8 . The silica and waxy water repellent cuticle cover almost the entire outer layer of the rice husk 15 .…”

Section: Dimensional Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effect of thermoplastic and thermosetting adhesives on properties of particleboard with rice husk core

2014

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This study investigated the combined effect of adhesive type and content on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboards made from a mixture of wood particles (face layer: 30 wt %) and rice husk particles (core layer: 70 wt %). Two types of thermosetting adhesives, liquid urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF), and thermoplastic adhesive (low density polyethylene: LDPE) powder were used as binder in the experiments. Thickness swelling and water absorption of the particleboards significantly decreased with increasing content of the LDPE powder. The incorporation of LDPE powder into the core layer of particleboard greatly improved the internal bond strength.

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Section: Dimensional Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its low price and good strength properties of glue lines under dry conditions result in its being widely applied despite its low water resistance 8 . In order to increase water resistance of UF adhesives, they are commonly modified with melamine 9 and diisocyanate 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effect of thermoplastic and thermosetting adhesives on properties of particleboard with rice husk core

2014

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“…Lu et al (2021) produced UF resin bonded MDF using NH4Cl (1% to solid resin content) as a hardener. Atar et al (2014) reported that particles with NH4Cl present lower pH value than Al2(SO4)3 and hardener decreased pH values of wood particles with UF resin due to acid catalyzing behavior for the curing reaction of resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce such disadvantages and improve physical and mechanical properties, lots of modification agents have been utilized in MDF such as maleic anhydride (Hundhausen et al 2015), nano-boron nitride (BN), and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) (Kızılkaya et al 2020), zeolite (Çamlıbel and Yılmaz Aydın 2020), rock salt (Çamlıbel and Akgül 2020), borax pentahydrate (Akgül and Çamlıbel 2021), activated carbon (Akın and Karaboyacı 2021), activated charcoal (Darmawan et al 2010), etc. However, hardener type is one of the critical determinants for the properties of boards and has significant influences on the board characteristics (Atar et al 2014), and ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) are the most common hardeners utilized to arrange pH and cure the resins (Uner and Olgun 2017). When the literature is reviewed, the followings are some of the studies that evaluated hardener utilization in the wood-based composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sertleştiricinin orta yoğunluklu lif levhanın bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerine etkisi

Çamlibel

Aydın

2022

Turkish Journal of Forestry | Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi

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Effects of Ammonium chloride (NH4CI) as a hardening agent on thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), screw holding resistance (SHR), Janka hardness, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bonding (IB) properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) were evaluated. Target densities were 712 and 715 kg/m³ for hardener applied (0.75 kg/m³ solid as 10% solution (fiber dry wt.)) and unmodified factory made 18 mm thick MDF, respectively. A total of 400 samples were tested. Boards produced without hardener presented better mechanical properties except for SHR. Indeed, SHR was around 9.2% improved by hardener utilization. However, hardener utilization caused around 8.4%, 7.3%, 3.6%, and 1.3% decreases for MOE, MOR, IB, and Janka hardness, respectively. Surprisingly, soaking time caused opposite results for TS and WA. The TS and WA of the hardener utilized MDF decreased around 40.3% and 29.6% for short-term soaking (2h) but remarkable increases (around 62.4% and 20%, respectively) were observed for long-term (24h) soaking. Statistical analysis proved that there were statistically significant (P<0.05) differences between all the evaluated properties.

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“…For consolidation of the particleboard in the production process, besides the wood is also necessary adhesives, right temperature and pressure (Feng et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2013a;Atar et al, 2014;Ruziak et al, 2017;Nascimento et al, 2017). Urea-formaldehyde is one of the main adhesives used to make panels, but in the hot pressing process, the emission of toxic gases that can be harmful to workers' health (Liu & Zhu, 2014;Belini et al, 2015;Liang et al, 2016a;Liang et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particleboards Produced With Epoxy Ink Waste and BTH Polymer as Adhesives

et al. 2018

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The aim of this research was to analysis the feasibility of production of wood particleboard with two alternative adhesives: epoxy ink waste and polyhydroxybutyrate polymer (BTH). Particleboard were produced with Pinus sp. wood specie wastes from sawmill process. For each alternative adhesive was proposed different combinations of parameters: time and temperature of press, pressure; alternative adhesive content and mass of wood particles. Two alternative adhesive contents were adopted, 10% and 20% replacing ureaformaldehyde adhesive. Mechanical properties (perpendicular tensile strength, pullout strengths of screw on face and top; modulus of elasticity and rupture) were determined according to ABNT NBR 14810:3 Brazilian Standard Code. The obtained results were compared to ABNT NBR 14810:3 and ANSI A.2018:1 Standard Codes requirements values. Particleboards produced with epoxy ink waste showed perpendicular tensile strength according to the minimum Standards requirements values. All proposed combinations to manufacture BTH polymer particleboards didn't show satisfactory mechanical properties in comparison to the Standard Codes values. Other combinations of wood species, time, pressure and temperature, epoxy ink waste and BTH polymer contents should be studied so that the requirements can be met.

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Effects of hardener type, urea usage and conditioning period on the quality properties of particleboard

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Combined effect of thermoplastic and thermosetting adhesives on properties of particleboard with rice husk core

Combined effect of thermoplastic and thermosetting adhesives on properties of particleboard with rice husk core

Sertleştiricinin orta yoğunluklu lif levhanın bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerine etkisi

Particleboards Produced With Epoxy Ink Waste and BTH Polymer as Adhesives

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