Effects of granule-bound starch synthase I-defective mutation on the morphology and structure of pyrenoidal starch in Chlamydomonas

Izumo, Asako; Fujiwara, Shoko; Sakurai, ﻿Toshihiro; Ball, Steven; Ishii, Yoshimi; Ono, Hikaru; Yoshida, Mayumi; Fujita, Naoko; Nakamura, Yasunori; Buléon, Alain; Tsuzuki, Mikio

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.08.014

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Quite strikingly, in Glaucophyta and green algae GBSS transcription is massively induced in low CO 2 conditions. Pyrenoidal starch is not required for the CCM to operate normally but results from the generation through the pyrenoids of localized metabolite concentration gradients (Izumo et al 2011;Villarejo et al 1996). The correlation between pyrenoidal starch and the presence of amylose is nevertheless insufficient to account for the presence of GBSS in cyanobacteria glaucophytes and land plants which are all devoid of pyrenoids (except for the hornworts).…”

Section: Why Amylose?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transition from Glycogen to Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotes

Ball

Colleoni

Arias

2015

Starch

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'-1,4-linked glucan chains branched through '-1,6 glucosidic lineages define the most frequently found storage polysaccharides in living cells. These glucans come in two very distinct forms known as glycogen and starch. The small water-soluble glycogen particles distribute widely in Archaea, Bacteria, and heterotrophic eukaryotes, while semicrystalline solid starch seems to be restricted to photosynthetic eukaryotes. This review focusses on the so-called glycosylnucleotide-dependent pathway of starch and glycogen synthesis. Through comparative biochemistry of storage polysaccharide metabolism in distinct clades, we will review the evidence sustaining that starch has evolved from preexisting glycogen metabolism several times during the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria. This review will also describe the possible function of storage polysaccharide metabolism in establishing metabolic symbiosis during plastid endosymbiosis. We will detail the evidence sustaining that storage polysaccharide metabolism was used by three distinct organisms to establish a tripartite symbiosis that facilitated metabolic integration of free-living cyanobacteria into evolving organelles.

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Section: Why Amylose?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transition from Glycogen to Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotes

Ball

Colleoni

Arias

2015

Starch

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“…Amylose in potato starch is partly mixed with the amylopectin 16. Its physiological role is unclear and discussed in terms of shaping so‐called pyrenoidal starch,17 and its exact contribution to granular‐ordered structures remains unknown 4. Generally, amylose is believed to be mostly associated with the amorphous structures; however, the existence of amylose chains transversely oriented through the crystalline lamellae has been suggested 18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of amylose deposition on potato tuber starch granule architecture and dynamics as studied by lintnerization

2012

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The effect of amylose deposition on the amylopectin crystalline lamellar organization in potato starch granules was studied by mild acid, so-called lintnerization, of potato tuber starch transgenically engineered to deposit different levels of amylose. The starch granules were subjected to lintnerization at different temperatures (25, 35, and 45°C) and to two levels of solubilization, ∼ 45 and 80%. The rate of the lintnerization increased with temperature but was suppressed by amylose. The molecular size of the lintner dextrins increased with temperature, but this effect was suppressed by the presence of amylose. At high temperatures and low-amylose content, the degree of branches was high with the concomitant increase in size in the dextrins. A portion of the branches was resistant to debranching enzymes possibly due to specific structural formations. The effects of temperature suggested a unique granular architecture of potato starch, and a model showing the dependence of temperature on the dynamic arrangement of amylopectin and amylose in the crystalline and amorphous lamellae for the potato starch is suggested.

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“…This conclusion contrasts with our study, which found that the amount of starch for 2% CO 2 ‐grown C. sorokiniana cells was higher than that of cells grown in ambient air (supplemental data). In a subsequent study, Izumo et al () reported that when Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137C was grown under 5% CO 2 or under 5% CO 2 until the log phase and then transferred to ambient air for 6 h the cells accumulated 4.2 mg starch/L at the end of 6 h in air. In contrast, cells cultured continuously in 5% CO 2 had 5.3 mg starch/L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between sampling times (ANOVA-Tukey test, P 0.05). Izumo et al (2011) reported that when Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137C was grown under 5% CO 2 or under 5% CO 2 until the log phase and then transferred to ambient air for 6 h the cells accumulated 4.2 mg starch/L at the end of 6 h in air. In contrast, cells cultured continuously in 5% CO 2 had 5.3 mg starch/L.…”

Section: The Effect Of Co 2 Concentration On Lipid and Starch Accumulmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of elevated CO₂ concentration on the quality of algal starch as a potential biofuel feedstock

Tanadul

VanderGheynst

Beckles

et al. 2014

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Cultured microalgae are viewed as important producers of lipids and polysaccharides, both of which are precursor molecules for the production of biofuels. This study addressed the impact of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on Chlorella sorokiniana production of starch and on several properties of the starch produced. The production of C. sorokiniana biomass, lipid and starch were enhanced when cultures were supplied with 2% CO2. Starch granules from algae grown in ambient air and 2% CO2 were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The granules from algae grown in 2% CO2 were disk‐shaped and contained mainly stromal starch; granules from cultures grown in ambient air were cup‐shaped with primarily pyrenoid starch. The granules from cells grown in 2% CO2 had a higher proportion of the accumulated starch as the highly branched, amylopectin glucan than did granules from cells grown in air. The rate of hydrolysis of starch from 2% CO2‐grown cells was 1.25 times greater than that from air‐grown cells and 2–11 times higher than the rates of hydrolysis of starches from cereal grains. These data indicate that culturing C. sorokiniana in elevated CO2 not only increases biomass yield but also improves the structure and composition of starch granules for use in biofuel generation. These modifications in culture conditions increase the hydrolysis efficiency of the starch hydrolysis, thus providing potentially important gains for biofuel production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1323–1331. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Effects of granule-bound starch synthase I-defective mutation on the morphology and structure of pyrenoidal starch in Chlamydomonas

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

The Transition from Glycogen to Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotes

The Transition from Glycogen to Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotes

Effect of amylose deposition on potato tuber starch granule architecture and dynamics as studied by lintnerization

The impact of elevated CO₂ concentration on the quality of algal starch as a potential biofuel feedstock

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Effects of granule-bound starch synthase I-defective mutation on the morphology and structure of pyrenoidal starch in Chlamydomonas

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

The Transition from Glycogen to Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotes

The Transition from Glycogen to Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotes

Effect of amylose deposition on potato tuber starch granule architecture and dynamics as studied by lintnerization

The impact of elevated CO2 concentration on the quality of algal starch as a potential biofuel feedstock

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The impact of elevated CO₂ concentration on the quality of algal starch as a potential biofuel feedstock