Effects of field drainage on the growth of herbage and the liveweight gain of grazing beef cattle

Tyson, K. C.; Garwood, E. A.; Armstrong, A. C.; Scholefield, D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02273.x

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Whereas macroporosity in R was found to be similar to that in C (c. 0·05 mm 3 mm Ϫ3 ) at about 10-30 mm depth, macroporosity in R in the 50-to 100-mm layer was significantly larger than in C (c. 0·05 mm 3 mm Ϫ3 ) and more similar to that found in non-compacted soil (Z) (0·10-0·12 mm 3 mm Ϫ3 ). Macroporosity is closely analogous to air-filled porosity in relatively wet soils, and therefore it may be expected that some of the influences on crop growth, as reported here, are broadly similar to the effects of poor drainage reported by Tyson et al (1992).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…(Douglas et al, and, 1995. There are similarities evident between these compaction effects and those reported by Tyson et al (1992) from a study of the effects of drainage in grassland; they noted more grass growth in mid-season on undrained land than on drained land. They attributed that contrast to the larger soil water deficit developed in the drained soil during early season growth of the sward.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

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Soil compaction effects on second‐harvest yields of perennial ryegrass for silage

Douglas¹

1997

Grass and Forage Science

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Variation in dry-matter yield at second harvests was studied in a long-term comparison of wheel traffic systems and soil compaction in grassland for silage in Scotland. Yields were obtained from compacted soil subjected to conventional traffic (C), from less compacted soil in a reduced ground-pressure traffic system (R) and from non-compacted soil in a zerotraffic system (Z). Relationships between the ratios of second-harvest yields, C 2 /Z 2 and C 2 /R 2 , and a number of soil, rainfall and crop parameters were tested by correlation analysis. The yield ratios increased significantly with the number of days after mowing before 2 mm of rain fell in 1 d (r ϭ 0·923*** and 0·715*, for C 2 /Z 2 and C 2 /R 2 respectively), and C 2 /Z 2 , but not C 2 /R 2 , decreased with increasing amount of rainfall in the 14 d after first mowing (r ϭ Ϫ0·787*). It was concluded that yield from compacted soil was greater than that from non-compacted soil because the former depended less on rainfall in the weeks after first mowing. The degree of soil compaction in the reduced ground-pressure traffic system, although maintaining first-harvest yield benefit, reduced the risk of significantly diminished yield at second harvest in dry summers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Soil compaction effects on second‐harvest yields of perennial ryegrass for silage

Douglas¹

1997

Grass and Forage Science

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“…In our study there was little effect of drainage on moisture status whereas the drained soil contained significantly less water during Blantern's (1991) measurements. Other information from this site (Tyson et al, 1992) has shown that although herbage production was greater in the drained plots during the spring and autumn and greater in the undrained plots during the drier summer months, the net result was no overall effect of drainage on crop dry matter yield, suggesting that there was little overall annual effect of an increased mineral N supply. Mineralization is influenced by soil water content (Blantern, 1991;Broadbend, 1986;Miller and Johnson, 1964) but the differences in the upper 10 cm were probably insufficient to create major differences in N release from the drained or undrained treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization of nitrogen in long-term pasture soils: effects of management

Gill¹,

Jarvis²,

Hatch³

1995

Plant Soil

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A field incubation technique with acetylene to inhibit nitrification was used to estimate net N mineralization rates in some grassland soils through an annual cycle. Measurements were made on previously long-term grazed pastures on a silty clay loam soil in S.W. England which had background managements of +/-drainage and +/-fertilizer (200 kg N ha-1 yr-1). The effect of fertilizer addition on mineralization during the year of measurement was also determined. Small plots with animals excluded, and with herbage clipped and removed were used as treatment areas and measurements were made using an incubation period of 7 days at intervals of 7 or 14 days through the year. Soil temperature, moisture and mineral N contents were also determined. Mineralization rates fluctuated considerably in each treatment. Maximum daily rates ranged from 1.01 to 3.19 kg N ha-~, and there was substantial net release of N through the winter period (representing, on average, 27% of the annual release). Changes in temperature accounted for 35% of the variability but there was little significant effect of soil moisture. Annual net release of N ranged from 135 kg ha-1 (undrained soil, no previous or current fertilizer) to 376 (drained soil, + 200 kg N ha-1 yr-1 previous and current fertilizer addition). Addition of fertilizer N to a previously unfertilized sward significantly increased the net release of N but there was no immediate effect of withholding fertilizer on mineralization during the year in which measurements were made.

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“…However, with the exception of the values for the XAD‐4 acids, these values were different from those for W3. Because the soils received large inputs of fertilizer N, of the order of 400 kg N ha −1 annually (Tyson et al , 1992), it is possible that some residual fertilizer N contributed to the less transformed W3 samples (taken in November) compared with the fractions from W1 and W2 that had inputs from the soil organic components.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional relationships between organic matter in a grassland soil and its drainage waters

Hayes

Skjemstad

et al. 2008

European J Soil Science

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We present a novel study of the compositional relationships between soil organic components extractable in aqueous extractants and those in sub-soil drainage and surface runoff waters from the soil. The surface soil (0-20 cm) of a stagnogley in long-term grassland was sequentially and exhaustively extracted in aqueous media at pH values of 7, 10.6 and 12.6. Extracts from the soils and their runoff and drainage waters were processed by the procedures of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS), and fractionated into humic, fulvic, and XAD-4 acids. Elemental, d 13 C, d 15 N, sugar, amino acids, and solid state CPMAS 13 C NMR analyses were used to identify similarities and differences between the fractions from the different extracts. There were few differences between the compositions of drainage water samples taken 1 year apart, and these had compositional features similar to those from the more highly oxidized fractions isolated from the soil at pH 7. There were significant differences between the humic components from the drainage waters and isolated from the soil at pH 7 and those of the humic fractions isolated at the higher pH values whose compositions are more clearly related to origins in plants. The compositions of the surface runoff waters indicate origins in transformed plant and animal manures on the soil surface, whereas those of the deep drainage waters originate in more extensively transformed materials, including products of microbial metabolism. The resin technique used in the fractionation allowed the isolation of novel humic acid fractions from the soil extracts, in particular at pH 7 and 12.6. These fractions clearly originated in microbial sources, were rich in saccharides and amino acids (peptides), and low in lignin-derived components.

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Effects of field drainage on the growth of herbage and the liveweight gain of grazing beef cattle

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Soil compaction effects on second‐harvest yields of perennial ryegrass for silage

Soil compaction effects on second‐harvest yields of perennial ryegrass for silage

Mineralization of nitrogen in long-term pasture soils: effects of management

Compositional relationships between organic matter in a grassland soil and its drainage waters

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