Effects of fasting on liver glycogen structure in rats with type 2 diabetes

Wang, Liang; Liu, Qinghua; Du, Yan; Tan, Xinle; Xu, Bing‐ju; Cheung, Ut; Li, Enpeng; Gilbert, Robert G.; Tang, Daoquan

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116144

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…(Deng et al, 2016)). Some structural data on other species such as bacteria, worms, rats, and pigs have also been reported (Hu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2019aWang et al, , 2019bWang et al, , 2020aLiu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Overview Of Glycogen Structurementioning

confidence: 95%

The importance of glycogen molecular structure for blood glucose control

Nawaz

Zhang

et al. 2021

iScience

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Section: Overview Of Glycogen Structurementioning

confidence: 95%

The importance of glycogen molecular structure for blood glucose control

Nawaz

Zhang

et al. 2021

iScience

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“…Liver glycogen plays important roles in blood glucose homeostasis. During T2DM progression, both liver glycogen accumulation and metabolism are abnormally changed [ 15 ]. Recently, a series of studies found that glycogen structure in T2DM liver was impaired and fragile, that is, larger glycogen α particles were easily dissociated into smaller β particles that were further degraded quickly, which might be a pathophysiological marker for T2DM at molecular level [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol extract of mulberry leaves partially restores the composition of intestinal microbiota and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in type 2 diabetic rats

Liu

Qing-hua

Liu

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Mulberry leaf as a traditional Chinese medicine is able to treat obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. It is well known that diabetes leads to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. It is also recently discovered that liver glycogen structure is impaired in diabetic animals. Since mulberry leaves are able to improve the diabetic conditions through reducing blood glucose level, it would be interesting to investigate whether they have any positive effects on intestinal microbiota and liver glycogen structure. Methods In this study, we first determined the bioactive components of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Murine animal models were divided into three groups, normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats, and HFD/STZ-induced rats administered with ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (200 mg/kg/day). Composition of intestinal microbiota was analyzed via metagenomics by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNAs. Liver glycogen structure was characterized through size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Both Student’s t-test and Tukey’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results A group of type 2 diabetic rat models were successfully established. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that ethanol extract of mulberry leaves could partially change intestinal microbiota back to normal conditions. In addition, liver glycogen was restored from fragile state to stable state through administration of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves. Conclusions This study confirms that the ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (MLE) ameliorates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in diabetic rats. These finding can be helpful in discovering the novel therapeutic targets with the help of further investigations.

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“…In mammals and human beings, glucose metabolism in diabetic liver is dysregulated and in pathological state ( Petersen et al, 2017 ), which leads to abnormal structure of glycogen particles. For example, according to the subtle structure analysis of fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE), diabetic liver glycogen was consistently observed to have a comparatively longer chain length distribution when compared with glycogen in healthy liver ( Li and Hu, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020a ; Nawaz et al, 2021 ). In a recent review, Li and Hu argued that the abnormally long chain length distribution in diabetic liver was controlled by the imbalance of enzymatic activities between glycogen synthase (GS) and GBE, which could also serve as a therapeutic target for diabetes ( Li and Hu, 2019 ).…”

Section: Glycogen β Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent review, Li and Hu argued that the abnormally long chain length distribution in diabetic liver was controlled by the imbalance of enzymatic activities between glycogen synthase (GS) and GBE, which could also serve as a therapeutic target for diabetes ( Li and Hu, 2019 ). Wang et al (2020a) studied the influences of glucose concentration on glycogen chain length distribution via the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans , according to which, high glucose diet did facilitate the shift of chain length distribution toward longer regions ( Liu et al, 2020a ). However, the molecular mechanism behind the primary structural change is not clear yet.…”

Section: Glycogen β Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it was found that glycogen average chain length was longer in diabetic conditions than that in normal conditions ( Hu et al, 2018 ). After long-term fasting, it was shown that glycogen particles in diabetic liver had more shorter chains, which could be resistant to further degradation ( Wang et al, 2020a ). Thus, glycogen structural fragility might be associated with longer average chain length.…”

Section: Potential Drug Target For Diabetic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes: Insights Into the Molecular Structure of Glycogen Particles

Liu

Tang

Wen

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Glycogen is a highly-branched polysaccharide that is widely distributed across the three life domains. It has versatile functions in physiological activities such as energy reserve, osmotic regulation, blood glucose homeostasis, and pH maintenance. Recent research also confirms that glycogen plays important roles in longevity and cognition. Intrinsically, glycogen function is determined by its structure that has been intensively studied for many years. The recent association of glycogen α-particle fragility with diabetic conditions further strengthens the importance of glycogen structure in its function. By using improved glycogen extraction procedures and a series of advanced analytical techniques, the fine molecular structure of glycogen particles in human beings and several model organisms such as Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, and Rat rattus have been characterized. However, there are still many unknowns about the assembly mechanisms of glycogen particles, the dynamic changes of glycogen structures, and the composition of glycogen associated proteins (glycogen proteome). In this review, we explored the recent progresses in glycogen studies with a focus on the structure of glycogen particles, which may not only provide insights into glycogen functions, but also facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

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Effects of fasting on liver glycogen structure in rats with type 2 diabetes

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

The importance of glycogen molecular structure for blood glucose control

The importance of glycogen molecular structure for blood glucose control

Ethanol extract of mulberry leaves partially restores the composition of intestinal microbiota and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in type 2 diabetic rats

From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes: Insights Into the Molecular Structure of Glycogen Particles

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