The importance of glycogen molecular structure for blood glucose control

Nawaz, Asad; Zhang, Peng; Li, Enpeng; Gilbert, Robert G.; Sullivan, Mitchell A.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101953

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Hepatic glycogen is known to play a vital role in the regulation of blood glucose levels. 38 The current research study successfully illustrated the hypoglycemic properties of KGM through the quantification of liver glycogen levels, corroborating the observed enhancements in glucose tolerance and decrease in blood glucose concentrations in mice subjected to a high-fat diet. These results indicate the potential of KGM as a therapeutic intervention for mitigating hyperglycemia induced by a high-fat diet.…”

Section: ■ Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Additionally, the HF group demonstrated a notable rise in hepatic glycogen levels compared to the Con group, with this effect being augmented by the inclusion of KGM. Hepatic glycogen is known to play a vital role in the regulation of blood glucose levels . The current research study successfully illustrated the hypoglycemic properties of KGM through the quantification of liver glycogen levels, corroborating the observed enhancements in glucose tolerance and decrease in blood glucose concentrations in mice subjected to a high-fat diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis

Hong,

Shi,

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Hepatic steatosis is characterized by substantial disruption in the liver's lipid level regulation. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is acknowledged as a nutritious food that has the potential to prevent hyperlipidemia. This study utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to investigate the efficacy of KGM in alleviating high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid homeostasis. The findings indicated that supplementation of KGM for a duration of 10 weeks led to significant decreases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat tissue weight. Furthermore, improvements in lipid concentrations in plasma and liver samples were observed, along with enhancements in glucose tolerance and the mitigation of liver damage. Additionally, lipidomics analysis revealed that the primary differential lipid metabolites were mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptomic analysis showed that KGM significantly altered the gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the liver. Moreover, KGM demonstrated a significant regulatory impact on the hepatic expression of PPARγ, potentially mitigating hepatic steatosis through modulation of the PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that KGM effectively mitigates steatosis by modulating hepatic lipid metabolites and controlling PPARγ-mediated genes in the liver.

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Section: ■ Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis

Hong,

Shi,

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…It is known that tight regulation of glycogen deposition and degradation plays an important role in blood glucose control [ 31 ]. We, therefore, investigated glycogen storage by Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining of liver sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic beta-cell specific BAG3 knockout results in chronic hyperinsulinemia inducing insulin resistance

Damiani¹,

Lamolinara²,

Cicalini³

et al. 2023

Molecular Metabolism

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“…In mammals and human beings, glucose metabolism in diabetic liver is dysregulated and in pathological state ( Petersen et al, 2017 ), which leads to abnormal structure of glycogen particles. For example, according to the subtle structure analysis of fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE), diabetic liver glycogen was consistently observed to have a comparatively longer chain length distribution when compared with glycogen in healthy liver ( Li and Hu, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020a ; Nawaz et al, 2021 ). In a recent review, Li and Hu argued that the abnormally long chain length distribution in diabetic liver was controlled by the imbalance of enzymatic activities between glycogen synthase (GS) and GBE, which could also serve as a therapeutic target for diabetes ( Li and Hu, 2019 ).…”

Section: Glycogen β Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other clinical situation, abnormal chain length is also associated with many severe diseases, such as Lafora Disease and Adult Polyglucosan Body Diseases (APBD). In these diseases, longer than normal chain lengths reduce the solubility of glycogen molecules, resulting in a pathogenic build-up of insoluble glycogen, hence the formation of polyglucosan bodies ( Nawaz et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Glycogen β Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes: Insights Into the Molecular Structure of Glycogen Particles

Liu

Tang

Wen

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Glycogen is a highly-branched polysaccharide that is widely distributed across the three life domains. It has versatile functions in physiological activities such as energy reserve, osmotic regulation, blood glucose homeostasis, and pH maintenance. Recent research also confirms that glycogen plays important roles in longevity and cognition. Intrinsically, glycogen function is determined by its structure that has been intensively studied for many years. The recent association of glycogen α-particle fragility with diabetic conditions further strengthens the importance of glycogen structure in its function. By using improved glycogen extraction procedures and a series of advanced analytical techniques, the fine molecular structure of glycogen particles in human beings and several model organisms such as Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, and Rat rattus have been characterized. However, there are still many unknowns about the assembly mechanisms of glycogen particles, the dynamic changes of glycogen structures, and the composition of glycogen associated proteins (glycogen proteome). In this review, we explored the recent progresses in glycogen studies with a focus on the structure of glycogen particles, which may not only provide insights into glycogen functions, but also facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

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The importance of glycogen molecular structure for blood glucose control

Cited by 18 publications

References 66 publications

Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis

Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis

Pancreatic beta-cell specific BAG3 knockout results in chronic hyperinsulinemia inducing insulin resistance

From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes: Insights Into the Molecular Structure of Glycogen Particles

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