Effects of Er:YAG Laser Treatment on the Mineral Content and Morphology of Primary Tooth Enamel

Kahvecioğlu, Firdevs; Kahraman, Kamil; Akman, Hayri; Tosun, Gül

doi:10.1089/pho.2018.4482

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our results show that irradiation of enamel with diode laser can protect enamel when exposed to the acidic environment with greater efficacy than topical application of fluoride gel alone, but in any case, statistically lower than when combined with topical application of fluoride. Similar results have been reported in the literature with lasers of different wavelengths (CO 2 , argon, and Nd-Yag lasers) when applied to the surface of enamel as part of programs that use fluoride in topical form [17][18][19]. Unfortunately, a comparison with these different wavelengths is not possible because the diode laser has a low absorption coefficient for enamel.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Enamel Erosion Reduction through Coupled Sodium Fluoride and Laser Treatments before Exposition in an Acid Environment: An In Vitro Randomized Control SEM Morphometric Analysis

Femiano

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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(1) Background: Erosive lesions of dental enamel are steadily increasing owing to both the availability of exogenous acid and the production of endogenous acid. The aim of this study was to investigate the erosion-inhibiting potential of a diode laser irradiation and topical application of fluoride used alone or in combination on the enamel surface of extracted teeth before exposure to an acidic solution. (2) Methods: The four axial enamel surfaces of 40 healthy molars were used for four study groups: (A) no treatment; (B) application of fluoride gel for 120 s; (O) a diode laser application for 120 s; and (X) a combined laser/fluoride for 120 s. Each enamel surface was examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). (3) Results: At 700× magnification, it was possible to detect the enamel prisms of the test area of groups A, B, and O, while no structures such as enamel prisms were highlighted for group X because they were covered by an amorphous layer. The mean number of prisms ×1000 µm2 was 7.2 units with an SD of 0.72 for group A, 8 units with an SD of 0.96 for group B, and 4.8 units with a SD of 0.4 for group O. Student’s t-test showed no significant difference between group A and B with a p = 0.054. Group O showed a significant reduction of prims ×1000 µm2 compared with group A (p = 0.0027) and group B (p = 0.0009). Student’s t-test showed no significant difference between groups A and B with a p = 0.054. Group O showed a significant reduction of prims density with respect to group A (p = 0.0027) and group B (p = 0.0009). (4) Conclusions: This amorphous layer might be correlated with the effect of laser on enamel, which reduces both water and carbonate ion; increases the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite, and improves the mechanical properties of enamel; which is responsible for greater protection expressed by the enamel of group X against acid attacks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Enamel Erosion Reduction through Coupled Sodium Fluoride and Laser Treatments before Exposition in an Acid Environment: An In Vitro Randomized Control SEM Morphometric Analysis

Femiano

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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“…Er:YAG laser irradiation affects the mineral content and morphology of deciduous enamel [12]. Thus, it is an alternative tool for enhancing deciduous enamel acid resistance [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of laser in caries prevention remains controversial in terms of acid resistance, chemical changes, and microhardness [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In addition, the efficacy of acid resistance increase in a combined treatment between Er:YAG laser irradiation and fluoride has been analysed by several studies, mainly in permanent dentition and limitedly in primary teeth [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acid resistance, roughness, and microhardness of deciduous enamel induced by Er:YAG laser, fluoride, and combined treatment: an in vitro study

et al. 2022

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Erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) lasers and fluoride have been used as preventive treatments to combat permanent tooth decay; however, little is known about deciduous teeth, which are more prone to caries. The purpose of this study was to assess acid resistance, roughness, and microhardness induced by an Er:YAG laser, fluoride application and a combined treatment on deciduous enamel. Seventy samples of deciduous enamel were randomly assigned to seven groups (n = 10): a negative control group [G1_C (−)], a positive control group [G2_C (+)], a group treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride (G3_F), a group treated with an Er:YAG laser (G4_L7.5 and G5_L12.7) and one tretated with an Er:YAG laser plus fluoride (G6_L7.5+F and G7_L12.7+F). The samples were then placed in a lactic acid solution for 24 h; the calcium and phosphate release was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). The surface roughness and microhardness were then analysed using a stylus profilometer and a static microhardness tester, respectively. In relation to the calcium release, G3_F presented values statistically lower than all others groups (p < 0.05). Group G7_L12.7+F had lower phosphorus release values than all other groups (p < 0.05). Group G3_F (0.24 ± 0.14 µm) had lower roughness values than groups G6_L7.5+F and G7_L12.7+F. Group G1_C(−) presented statistically significant differences in comparison to the rest of the groups (p < 0.05). The laser treatment and the combined treatment (laser plus fluoride) were not more effective than the fluoride treatment alone at improving acid resistance of deciduous enamel. However, the combined treatment diminished phosphorous release and increased the surface roughness of deciduous enamel. Finally, the acid dissolution decreased the microhardness of deciduous enamel regardless of the preventive protocol (fluoride, laser, or laser plus fluoride treatment).

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“…At present, no Caries Risk Test fully meets the aforementioned criteria [34]. Tests often require sampling from dental plaque, saliva, and teeth [25][26][27][28][35][36][37]. Saliva is a bridge between different tissues and structures in the oral cavity and serves as an oral microecological medium with a large number of microorganisms that remain relatively stable [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Year Longitudinal Study of the Effectiveness of the CRT® Bacteria Test in Evaluating Caries Risk in Three-Year-Old Children

Liu

Meng

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. To study the correlation between the level of infection with Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli (LB) in saliva with existing status and the development of primary dental caries in 3-year-old children and to evaluate the results of CRT® bacteria as a Caries Risk Test. Methods. A total of 140 3-year-old children were selected for the study. Oral examination was conducted and the levels of infection with SM and LB in saliva were measured using a CRT® bacteria test. Oral reexamination was conducted after two years. The prevalence rate of caries, the decayed-missing-filled tooth (dmft) and decayed-missing-filled surface (dmfs) indices, and Caries Severity Index (CSI) were calculated at the start and end of the two years. The indices were statistically analyzed. Results. The caries prevalence rate, dmft, dmfs, and CSI increased with increasing levels of CRT-SM and CRT-LB at the start and end of the two years; the increases in dmft, dmfs, and CSI over the period were consistent with the increases in CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels, with all differences being highly statistically significant. The increase in caries prevalence rate over the two years was not statistically different for different CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels. CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels were highly positively correlated with dmft, dmfs, CSI and their increases over the two years. Levels of infection with oral SM and LB were found to be independent risk factors for primary dental caries, respectively. For an SM concentration in saliva of ≥104 CFU/mL and an LB concentration of <104 CFU/mL, the risk of caries increased by approximately 2.8-fold. When the concentration of LB in saliva was ≥104 CFU/mL and that of SM <104 CFU/mL, the risk of caries increased by approximately 3.9-fold. When the concentration of both SM and LB was ≥104 CFU/mL, the risk increased by approximately 10.9-fold. Conclusions. Significant positive correlations were found between the level of infection with oral SM and LB and existing oral decay status and the trend in the development of primary dental caries. Infection with SM and LB significantly increased the risk of caries in primary teeth. The CRT® bacteria is a simple, convenient, reliable, and effective Caries Risk Test.

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Effects of Er:YAG Laser Treatment on the Mineral Content and Morphology of Primary Tooth Enamel

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Enamel Erosion Reduction through Coupled Sodium Fluoride and Laser Treatments before Exposition in an Acid Environment: An In Vitro Randomized Control SEM Morphometric Analysis

Enamel Erosion Reduction through Coupled Sodium Fluoride and Laser Treatments before Exposition in an Acid Environment: An In Vitro Randomized Control SEM Morphometric Analysis

The acid resistance, roughness, and microhardness of deciduous enamel induced by Er:YAG laser, fluoride, and combined treatment: an in vitro study

A Two-Year Longitudinal Study of the Effectiveness of the CRT® Bacteria Test in Evaluating Caries Risk in Three-Year-Old Children

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