Effects of environment and floral intensity on fruit set behaviour and annual flowering in apple

Breen, K.C.; Tustin, D.S.; Palmer, John W.; Hedderley, Duncan; Close, DC

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.07.025

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2a). Nevertheless, the number of fruits formed per inflorescence was greater than one for both seasons (> 50%), which is considered sufficient for an apple commercial crop (Breen et al 2016). According to Racskó et al (2007), it is necessary that 15-20% of fruit set be observed to ensure adequate levels of commercial production in apple orchards, indicating that all the pollinizer plants tested presented satisfactory effect for fruit set of 'SCS426 Venice' .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification of pollinizers for apple ‘SCS426 Venice

et al. 2021

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Apple orchards require the presence of a different genotype to pollinate the fruit producing cultivar. This is due to the process of gametophytic self-incompatibility present in most species and cultivars of the genus Malus. The fruit producing cultivar and the pollinizer must be genetically compatible to ensure fruit set and symmetrical and adequate fruit formation. The aim of this work was to evaluate five potential pollinizers for the new apple cultivar SCS426 Venice by genotyping the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) and by controlled pollination in the field. The S-locus was screened using molecular markers and the fertilization capacity was evaluated by monitoring the fruit set after artificial pollination. Three genotypes were identified as semi-compatible (selection 135/140, cultivar SCS433 Felix 3 and SCS425 Luiza) and two as fully compatible ('SCS431 Felix 1' and 'SCS434 Felix 4') with 'SCS426 Venice'. Regardless of the level of compatibility, all genotypes tested are efficient for the fertilization of 'SCS426 Venice' flowers and can be used as pollinizers in commercial orchards of this cultivar.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification of pollinizers for apple ‘SCS426 Venice

et al. 2021

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“…Indeed, high flowering rate is usually associated with poor fruit set due to environmental (Tustin et al, 2012 ) or genetic co-variation (Celton et al, 2014 ). Tree management includes a number of practices to reduce crop load, such as thinning (manual or chemical) or the manual removal of fruiting spurs (Lauri et al, 2007 ; Breen et al, 2016 ). We can thus suspect that selecting genotypes with regular desynchronized axes could be an appropriate strategy for avoiding poor fruit set while reducing thinning or manipulations costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Flowering Behavior and Exploring Its Genetic Determinism in an Apple Multi-family Population Based on Statistical Indices and Simplified Phenotyping

et al. 2017

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Irregular flowering over years is commonly observed in fruit trees. The early prediction of tree behavior is highly desirable in breeding programmes. This study aims at performing such predictions, combining simplified phenotyping and statistics methods. Sequences of vegetative vs. floral annual shoots (AS) were observed along axes in trees belonging to five apple related full-sib families. Sequences were analyzed using Markovian and linear mixed models including year and site effects. Indices of flowering irregularity, periodicity and synchronicity were estimated, at tree and axis scales. They were used to predict tree behavior and detect QTL with a Bayesian pedigree-based analysis, using an integrated genetic map containing 6,849 SNPs. The combination of a Biennial Bearing Index (BBI) with an autoregressive coefficient (γg) efficiently predicted and classified the genotype behaviors, despite few misclassifications. Four QTLs common to BBIs and γg and one for synchronicity were highlighted and revealed the complex genetic architecture of the traits. Irregularity resulted from high AS synchronism, whereas regularity resulted from either asynchronous locally alternating or continual regular AS flowering. A relevant and time-saving method, based on a posteriori sampling of axes and statistical indices is proposed, which is efficient to evaluate the tree breeding values for flowering regularity and could be transferred to other species.

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“…Traditionally, the presence of S-alleles was determined indirectly by pollination and pollen tube growth tests (Bošković and Tobutt 1999), but this methodology is strongly influenced by the environment and requires replications in different growing seasons to ensure the reliability of this identification (Breen et al 2016). The use of genetic markers to identify S-alleles, such as allele-specific TL Brancher et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…primers, provides information on their distribution among apple genotypes (Long et al 2010, Akbari et al 2016, Larsen et al 2016, Kasajima et al 2017 and allows breeders to plan crosses between compatible genotypes (Morita et al 2009, Breen et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%