Effects of endurance exercise on the urinary proteome analyzed by 2‐D PAGE and Orbitrap MS

Abstract

Purpose: Exercise-induced proteinuria is a well-known phenomenon and the influence of parameters such as intensity and duration was studied extensively. Usually, total protein or albumin was measured for diagnosis of a proteinuria, and the present study was performed to search for qualitative differences in the urinary proteome before and after endurance exercise. Experimental design: Urine samples were concentrated and proteins separated by means of 2-D PAGE. Proteins differing in the investigated groups were identified by nano-UPLCOrbitrap MS after trypsin digestion. Results: The study yielded several proteins such as hemopexin, albumin, orosomucoid 1, transferrin or carbonic anhydrase 1 that were elevated after a marathon run in comparison to a control group. These are linked to physiological changes resulting from endurance exercise such as destruction of erythrocytes or increased fat metabolism. On the contrary, 2-D PAGE profiles of athletes at rest did not differ from those of control samples. Conclusions and clinical relevance:The study is a starting point to build up individual 2-D PAGE protein maps of athletes. Further studies will investigate intra-individual differences and further exercise parameters, which potentially lead to a physiological monitoring system for athletes in training and competition and may also complement the blood passport in doping control.

Plasma protein changes in horse after prolonged physical exercise: A proteomic study

“…In exercise research studies, previous differential proteomic studies have focused on muscle [30][31][32][33], kidney [34], and heart [35,36] from rodents, and on muscle [37,38] from equines. These investigations paralleled other studies on muscle [31,32] and urine [39] that were performed on human counterpart.…”

Doping Control Using High and Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Based Non-Targeted Metabolomics-A Case Study of Salbutamol and Budesonide Abuse

“…The differences between the metabolism of the non-athletes and that of high level athletes have already been the subject of many research papers. Thus, studies comparing the effects of endurance [33], sports type [34], effort degree and duration [35,36], can be found in literature. As the present study involves real urine samples, the emphasized contrast will originate not only in the physical effort, but also in any dietary, lifestyle or medical differences.…”

Effects of Exercise on the Urinary Proteome

“…Zinc α-2-glycoprotein 1, which is assumed to have a stimulatory effect on lipolysis, may be increased in plasma as well because of an increased energy consumption and demand. The increase of transferrin, an iron transport protein, may be due to glomerular filtration changes or to increased transferrin synthesis as athletes often have reduced iron levels [18]. For confirmation of the reason for higher concentration of these proteins in urine, plasma samples should be collected in addition in future studies.…”