Effects of ecological factors on secondary metabolites and inorganic elements of Scutellaria baicalensis and analysis of geoherblism

Abstract

This study analyzed the effects of ecological factors on secondary metabolites of Scutellaria baicalensis using two sources: 92 individual roots of S. baicalensis from all over China, and secondary metabolites, medicinal materials and inorganic element contents obtained from the testing of 92 S. baicalensis rhizosphere soil samples. The study used environmental data from the Genuine Medicinal Material Spatial Analysis Database. Most of the chemical constituents of S. baicalensis were negatively correlated to latitude and positively correlated to temperature; generally, the contents of 21 chemical constituents were higher at low latitudes than that at high latitudes. By gradual regression analysis, it was found that the content of baicalin in S. baicalensis was negatively correlated to latitude and generally the content of inorganic elements in soil was excessively high (excluding Mg and Ca), which has a negative effect on the accumulation of chemical constituents in S. baicalensis. Based on the cluster analysis of 21 constituents, S. baicalensis from different places of origin was divided into two groups, and S. baicalensis was not genuine only in a specific small region. Within the zone from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia to Taibai, Shaanxi is suitable for accumulation of secondary metabolites of S. baicalensis and such a zone represents a suitable distribution and potential genuine producing area. Scutellaria baicalensis, ecological factors, geoherbs, Daodi-herbs, geographical variation Citation:Guo L P, Wang S, Zhang J, et al. Huáng qín (Chinese: 黄芩) is originally from Scutellaria baicalensis. Its dried root is popular in traditional Chinese medicine. It works as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-allergen, and it is often used to treat fevers, coughs, allergic rhinitis, and wheezing [11]. Scutellaria baicalensis is widely distributed in Northeast China, North China, Central China and Southwest China, and is common in extensive areas north of the Yangtze River [12]. Research has demonstrated that variation in the quality of S. baicalensis is mainly due to environmental factors [13]. In our earlier study, 92 individual roots of S. baicalensis and the 92 corresponding rhizosphere soil samples were taken from all over China; the secondary metabolites in roots of S. baicalensis and inorganic elements in roots and rhizosphere soil were tested. Based on the data of these secondary metabolites and inorganic elements, massive environmental data from the Spatial Analysis Database of Geoherbs are used to investigate the influence of ecological factors on the accumulation of secondary metabolites and their comprehensive effect, which may provide guidance for high-quality cultivation of S. baicalensis.

A Comprehensive and Comparative Study of Wolfiporia extensa Cultivation Regions by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography

“…In addition, the properties of soils had some influences on the chemical composition of biological samples [58]. Guo et al [59] reported that the content of inorganic elements in soil had a negative effect on the accumulation of chemical constituents in Scutellaria baicalensis . Yang et al [60] analyzed the cultivated Paris polyphylla var.…”

Geographical Distribution and Environmental Correlates of Eleutherosides and Isofraxidin in Eleutherococcus senticosus from Natural Populations in Forests at Northeast China

“…Regional relative humidity (RH) was averaged to be about 65%. The targeted forests that harbored natural E. senticosus populations were mainly dominated by trees of Abies nephrolepis, Alnus mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Pinus koraiensis, Populus davidiana, and Quercus mongolica [28][29][30].…”

Anti-cancer effect of Annona Muricata Linn Leaves Crude Extract (AMCE) on breast cancer cell line

“…The production of secondary metabolites is actually a response by plants to cope with the harsh or ever changing environments. It has been reported that plant of similar species collected from different locations has a varied level of secondary metabolites among them [8] which indicates that the production of the bioactive compounds in the soursop plant could also vary thus, affecting its potency against cancer cell. As that notion has not yet been tested, therefore, the purpose of this study was to screen the cytotoxicity level of the Annona muricata crude extract (AMCE) against the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and 4 T1) as well as to further evaluate the anticancer effect possessed by the selected (most potent) AMCE on 4 T1 cancer in vitro and in vivo.…”