Effects of E-Cigarette Health Warnings and Modified Risk Ad Claims on Adolescent E-Cigarette Craving and Susceptibility

Andrews, J. Craig; Mays, Darren; Netemeyer, Richard G.; Burton, Scot; Kees, Jeremy

doi:10.1093/ntr/nty076

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is concerning because there is no basis to make claims of reduced harm, and a lack of knowledge should not be conflated with no harm. Even more concerning is that youth are particularly vulnerable to these messages [ 24 , 48 ]. Making unfounded claims around harmlessness supports misperceptions of e-cigarette safety, promotes uptake, delays cessation, and encourages dual use of tobacco products [ 49 , 50 ], the latter of which has recently been found to significantly compound long-term health risks, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ 51 ] and stroke [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 2018 and 2019, JUUL, the most popular e-cigarette brand in North America [ 21 , 22 ], spent US $57 million on TV advertisements to promote their products [ 23 ]. While JUUL claims that these advertisements are aimed at helping adults find a healthier alternative to smoking, many public health advocates are concerned these advertisements may also attract youth [ 24 ], and research confirms that these advertisements increase exposure to their products, which subsequently increases the likelihood of use by youth [ 25 , 26 ]. For example, in a recent study, it was found that exposure to e-cigarette advertisements among youth is not uncommon, with 28% of youth in the United States, 17% of youth in Canada, and 21% of youth in England having seen a vaping advertisement [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tactics for Drawing Youth to Vaping: Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Advertisements

Struik¹,

Dow-Fleisner²,

Belliveau³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also known as vaping, has risen exponentially among North American youth in recent years and has become a critical public health concern. The marketing strategies used by e-cigarette companies have been associated with the uptick in use among youth, with video advertisements on television and other electronic platforms being the most pervasive strategy. It is unknown how these advertisements may be tapping into youth needs and preferences. Objective The aim of this 2-phase study was to examine the marketing strategies that underpin e-cigarette advertisements, specifically in the context of television. Methods In phase 1, a scoping review was conducted to identify various influences on e-cigarette uptake among youth. Results of this scoping review informed the development of a coding framework. In phase 2, this framework was used to analyze the content of e-cigarette advertisements as seen on 2 popular television channels (Discovery and AMC). Results In phase 1, a total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. The resultant framework consisted of 16 key influences on e-cigarette uptake among youth, which were categorized under 4 headings: personal, relational, environmental, and product-related. In phase 2, 38 e-cigarette advertisements were collected from iSpot.tv and represented 11 popular e-cigarette brands. All of the advertisements tapped into the cited influences of youth e-cigarette uptake, with the most commonly cited influences (product and relational) tapping into the most, at 97% (37/38) and 53% (20/38), respectively. Conclusions The findings highlight the multidimensional influences on youth uptake of e-cigarettes, which has important implications for developing effective antivaping messages, and assist public health professionals in providing more comprehensive prevention and cessation support as it relates to e-cigarette use. The findings also bring forward tangible strategies employed by e-cigarette companies to recruit youth into vaping. Understanding this is vital to the development of cohesive strategies that combat these provaping messages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactics for Drawing Youth to Vaping: Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Advertisements

Struik¹,

Dow-Fleisner²,

Belliveau³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

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“…Although some benefit claims enjoy empirical support, policy makers must consider the potential for health halo effects from these product claims, such that a benefit claim may drive positive global attitudes toward cannabis products (Andrews, Burton, and Kees 2011). Policy makers must also consider the potential for product benefit information to undercut warnings, as in the case of risk modification claims (Andrews et al 2019).…”

Section: Cannabis Marketingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Cannabis Policy: A Framework to Guide Marketing and Public Policy Research

Kees¹,

Fitzgerald²,

Dorsey³

et al. 2019

Journal of Public Policy & Marketing

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As more states legalize marijuana, policy makers are left with a “brave new world” and little direction regarding how to navigate this burgeoning marketplace. Comparisons to currently controlled substances such as alcohol and tobacco are helpful but incomplete, as consumers use and distribute cannabis differently than these products, and these products have a different physical and psychological impact on consumers. As a result, states have taken diverse approaches with regard to medicinal and recreational cannabis legalization. The current public policy regarding cannabis legalization lacks a clear framework and can be uniquely informed by marketing and public policy researchers. The purpose of this article is to provide a solid starting place for these conversations and to offer ideas about scholarly efforts and research opportunities.

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“…For example, one study found that consumers who viewed a warning for e-cigarette addiction reported higher risk beliefs and lower willingness to try e-cigarettes compared to those not exposed (Berry et al, 2017). An experimental study with adolescents found that a text-only nicotine addiction warning led to a decrease in e-cigarette susceptibility relative to a no warning control (Andrews et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline assessment of noticing e-cigarette health warnings among youth and young adults in the United States, Canada and England, and associations with harm perceptions, nicotine awareness and warning recall

Sontag

Wackowski

Hammond

2019

Preventive Medicine Reports

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Health warnings on tobacco products can inform users of potential risks. However, little is known about young people's exposure to health warnings on e-cigarette products. This baseline assessment of young people's noticing e-cigarette warnings uses nationally representative data from three countries. Data were collected under Wave 1 of the ITC Youth Tobacco and E-cigarette Survey, conducted in Canada, England, and the US. Online surveys were completed by 16–19-year-olds in July/August 2017 ( n = 12,064), when warnings were either newly required (England) or voluntarily carried by some manufacturers (US, Canada). Analyses examined prevalence and correlates of noticing warnings and associations between noticing warnings and product perceptions, adjusting for country, sex, age, race/ethnicity, and cigarette/e-cigarette use status. About 12% reported noticing warnings on e-cigarette packaging in the past 30 days. Noticing warnings was significantly more likely among youth in England (AOR = 1.3, p < .01) and the US (AOR = 1.3, p < .01) versus Canada, and was most likely among dual e-cigarette/cigarette users (AOR = 4.69, p < .001) versus nonusers. Unaided recall of the keyword “nicotine” was low among those who noticed warnings (7.5%). However, ever e-cigarette users who noticed warnings had higher odds of knowing whether e-cigarettes contained nicotine (AOR = 2.26, p < .001). Noticing warnings was significantly associated with higher odds of believing e-cigarettes cause at least some harm to users (AOR = 1.19), are as harmful as cigarettes (AOR = 1.45), and can be addictive (AOR = 1.43). Baseline assessment reveals that youth's noticing of e-cigarette warnings and recall of nicotine-addiction messages was low. Research should track exposure over time as warning requirements are implemented across different countries.

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Effects of E-Cigarette Health Warnings and Modified Risk Ad Claims on Adolescent E-Cigarette Craving and Susceptibility

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Tactics for Drawing Youth to Vaping: Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Advertisements

Tactics for Drawing Youth to Vaping: Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Advertisements

Evidence-Based Cannabis Policy: A Framework to Guide Marketing and Public Policy Research

Baseline assessment of noticing e-cigarette health warnings among youth and young adults in the United States, Canada and England, and associations with harm perceptions, nicotine awareness and warning recall

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