Effects of Direct Current on T Cell Activity: Modulation of Interleukin-2 Production

Holáň, Vladimı́r; Machala, O; Dao, Tao; Minowada, Jun

doi:10.1016/s0171-2985(11)80608-x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Electrical stimulation for disease treatment, has long been known to have an important effect on living creatures. It can influence the cell function by inducing various types of responses which may enhance [1] or inhibit [2] various molecular mechanisms. This depends on the type and intensity of the electro-force, frequency, wave-shape, duration/duty-cycle and amplitude, which induce electronic-transfer interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have demonstrated that electro-forces can influence the immune responses of animals and humans by inducing various immune response VOLUME 8, 2020 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ elements that enhance the production of antiviral substances (molecular species) [2], [6]. Proteins are involved in cellular interaction with different signals, which initiate events from the extracellular to the intracellular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extra-Low-Frequency Pulse Stimulated Conformational Change in Blood-Cell Proteins and Consequent Immune Activity Transformation

Al-Darkazly

Hasan

2020

IEEE J. Transl. Eng. Health Med.

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Objective: investigation of the extra-low-frequency (ELF) stimulation effect on blood-cell proteins, that causes variation in its electrostatic-state. A hypothesis that this results in the conformational change in the blood-cell proteins which could enhance immune activity is explored. Since HIV-1 and hostcell engage through charge-charge interactions, an electrical-pulse may cause charge redistribution, hypothetically resulting in host-cell proteins to be isolated from viral access. Methods: Buffy coat samples were exposed to ELF square waveform pulses of 5Hz, 10Hz and 1MHz, for 2-hours, and were then examined using immunofluorescence technique. The expression of glycoprotein CD4, and co-receptor protein CCR5, were investigated. Also, the binding activity of the N-terminal domain of CCR5 and the distribution of the nuclearpore-complex (NPC) transport factor, FGNup153 were investigated. Comparison with control samples were carried out. Results: Increased CD4 count, which could enhance the immune system. In addition, the inability of N-terminus-specific antibody 3A9 to bind to CCR5 N-terminal, could be due to the interactions with the ELF electric-field, which may also hypothetically inhibit HIV-1 attachment. Furthermore, the electrostatic interactions between the ELF pulse and the FGNup153 induces redistribution in its disorder sequence and possibly causes conformational change. This could possibly prevent large virus particle transport through the NPC. Conclusion: Novel concept of ELF stimulation of blood cellular proteins has been developed leading to transformation of immune activity. Clinical-Impact: The translational aspect is the use of ELF as an avenue of electro-medicine and the results are a possible foundation for the clinical application of ELF stimulation in immune response. INDEX TERMS Electrical stimulation, buffy coat, amino acid (AA), co-receptor CCR5, CD4 glycoprotein, nuclear pore complex (NPC), nucleoporin Nup153, immuno-fluorescence, antibody (Ab). II. PREDOMINANT REGIONS OF CCR5 AND NUP153 A. CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%