Effects of Differences in Cognitive Strategies on the Relationships among Social Motivation, Goal Orientation, and Interpersonal Behavior in Friendships

Mitsunami, Mutsumi

doi:10.2132/personality.21.124

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(3 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are four types of cognitive strategies, including DP that can be categorized according to the recognition of past performance (past recognition) and the level of expectation of future performance (future expectation). These strategies include (1) DP, in which individuals have high past recognition but low future expectations; (2) strategic optimism (SO), in which individuals have high past recogni-tion and high future expectations; (3) realistic pessimism (RP), in which individuals have low past recognition and low future expectations; and (4) unjustified optimism (UO), in which past recognition is low, but future expectations are high (Mitsunami, 2012;Norem, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…実験社会心理学研究第 59 巻第 2 号 -120 -situations. However, the applicability of DP to interpersonal situations has not been thoroughly established because the focus of past studies has almost exclusively been on the academic context, and only a few studies have examined DP in an interpersonal context (e.g., Mitsunami, 2012). Therefore, a thorough examination of the role of DP in these broader settings is needed to establish it as an antithetical to pessimism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of cognitive strategies on behavioral intentions towards strangers: A conceptual replication of Shimizu, Nakashima, and Morinaga (2016)

Shimizu¹,

Abe

Nakashima

2020

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shimizu, Nakashima, and Morinaga (2016) reported that tendencies consistent with defensive pessimism (DP) are positively associated with considerate and respectful behavioral intentions toward strangers. However, two limitations hinder the generalizability of their findings: (1) their participants were exclusively female students of a women's junior college, and (2) the cognitive strategy scale used in their study did not take all four types of cognitive strategy; i.e., DP, strategic optimism (SO), realistic pessimism (RP), and unjustified optimism (UO), into consideration. We replicated Shimizu et al. (2016) with adult respondents and used a different scale to enhance the generalizability of the results. Japanese adults (N=337) participated in an online survey. Path analysis of their responses indicated that a relationship exists between DP and behavioral intentions, which was consistent with the findings reported by Shimizu et al. (2016). The study also produced exploratory evidence that individuals that exhibit UO show less considerate and respectful behavioral intentions in interpersonal contexts than those who display SO or RP.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cognitive strategies on behavioral intentions towards strangers: A conceptual replication of Shimizu, Nakashima, and Morinaga (2016)

Shimizu¹,

Abe

Nakashima

2020

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous research investigated defensive pessimism mainly in task-related contexts because the strategy was originally discovered in academic situations (Norem & Cantor, 1986a, 1986b. However, more recently, some studies have found that defensive pessimism can be an effective strategy in interpersonal contexts (Mitsunami, 2012;Shimizu et al, 2016;Showers, 1992). For example, using a scenario approach, Shimizu et al (2016) examined the effect of defensive pessimism on individuals' behavioral intentions in conversations with strangers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Individual Factors in Friendship Formation: Considering Shyness, Self‐Esteem, Social Skills, and Defensive Pessimism

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of four individual factors (shyness, self‐esteem, social skills, and defensive pessimism) on the formation of friendships among undergraduate students. Freshmen (N = 93) completed a questionnaire assessing their shyness, self‐esteem, social skills, and level of defensive pessimism. Then, they answered questions about interpersonal indices (number of friends, satisfaction with friendships, their willingness to continue relationships, and their feelings of interpersonal friction). After 3 months, they completed a questionnaire about their anxiety state and behavior when talking with the people they had met since university admission. Moreover, they discussed the interpersonal indices they used in a pre‐questionnaire. Path analysis indicated that shyness directly leads to having fewer friends, whereas social skills lead to having more friends through extroversive behavior. Moreover, self‐esteem was positively related to an increase in the willingness to continue relationships, and reflection and pessimistic thinking (which is one component of defensive pessimism) led to a feeling of being fatigued from the effort of considering and respecting the reactions of others.

show abstract

Social Achievement Goals and Prosocial and Aggressive Behavior:

Kainuma

Sakurai

2018

Kyoiku shinrigaku kenkyu

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of Differences in Cognitive Strategies on the Relationships among Social Motivation, Goal Orientation, and Interpersonal Behavior in Friendships

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of cognitive strategies on behavioral intentions towards strangers: A conceptual replication of Shimizu, Nakashima, and Morinaga (2016)

Effects of cognitive strategies on behavioral intentions towards strangers: A conceptual replication of Shimizu, Nakashima, and Morinaga (2016)

The Role of Individual Factors in Friendship Formation: Considering Shyness, Self‐Esteem, Social Skills, and Defensive Pessimism

Social Achievement Goals and Prosocial and Aggressive Behavior:

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About