HighlightsAdaptive cellular responses to 1- or 2-day fasting differ among tissues.Ubiquitin–proteasome and autophagy–lysosome pathways are activated in thymus/lung/heart/muscle.The amino acid response is activated mainly in thymus.An Nrf2-mediated antioxidant system is activated in thymus, heart, and kidney.Expression of amino acid transporter genes is activated in a tissue-specific manner.
This study examined the moderating effects of regulatory focus on the relationship between basic psychological needs support from friends, needs satisfaction, and well-being. Based on regulatory focus theory, it was hypothesized that in a promotion focus, the need for autonomy would be better fulfilled and a person's well-being would increase when they perceived autonomy support, whereas in a prevention focus, the need for relatedness would be better fulfilled and a person's well-being would increase when they perceived relatedness support. University students (n = 223) participated in this study. The results indicated that when there was perceived relatedness support, students with high prevention focus fulfilled the need for relatedness more than those with low prevention focus. Since we focused on relatedness support from friends, safety and calmness were emphasized, which fit the prevention focus. Additionally, relatedness support influences the need fulfillment of relatedness, which in turn affects a person's well-being. These results supported the prevention focus hypothesis, but not the promotion focus hypothesis.
Prior research suggests that people have implicit beliefs about creativity that are often incomplete and may not be consistent with current empirical evidence. We conducted four studies to examine whether recognizing the importance of persistence in creativity leads to better creative performance. First, in a pilot study, a questionnaire survey of 199 people showed that people value flexible but not persistent thinking in creativity. In Studies 1 through 3, we investigated the purpose of this study using the experimental paradigm employing the Unusual Uses Task. Specifically, Study 1 (n = 94) and Study 2 (n = 80) showed that compared to participants who did not consider persistence to be valuable to creativity, individuals who did consider it to be valuable had a reduced persistence underestimation effect and an increased serial order effect. Study 3 (n = 365) showed that participants who received instruction on the importance of persistence in creativity improved their creativity in persistent creativity tasks compared with those who did not receive such instruction. In Study 3, we also examined the mechanism and showed that it was mediated by the time spent working on creativity task. The results suggest that beliefs about creativity are determinants of creative performance and that if people can recognize the importance of persistence in creativity, they can work on creative tasks more persistently and thus improve their creativity.
Tormala and Clarkson (2007) demonstrated the effects of assimilation and contrast with two consecutive messages. We investigated the effects of regulatory focus on assimilation and contrast in a multiple message situation in an experimental study. We hypothesized that the effect of assimilation would be observed among people with a promotion focus and the effect of contrast would be observed among people with a prevention focus. The results partially supported our hypothesis. There was a contrast effect in people with a prevention focus when evaluating the perceived credibility of the message. Moreover, the effect of assimilation was observed mostly in people with a promotion focus when evaluating the perceived credibility of the message, although this effect was not statistically significant. Finally, possible explanations for why our hypothesis regarding the evaluations of attitudes about the message was not supported are discussed.
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