Effects of Dietary Threonine Levels on Intestinal Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity Based on Cecal Metabolites and Transcription Sequencing of Broiler

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effects of different dietary threonine levels on the antioxidant and immune capacity and the immunity of broilers. A total of 432 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups, each with 6 replicates of 18 broilers. The amount of dietary threonine in the four treatments reached 85%, 100%, 125%, and 150% of the NRC (Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 1994) recommendation for broilers (marked as THR85, THR100, THR125, and THR150). After 42 days of feeding, the cecum contents and jejunum mucosa were collected for metabolic analysis and transcriptional sequencing. The results indicated that under the condition of regular and non-disease growth of broilers, compared with that of the THR85 and THR150 groups, the metabolic profile of the THR125 group was significantly higher than that of the standard requirement group. Compared with the THR100 group, the THR125 group improved antioxidant ability and immunity of broilers and enhanced the ability of resisting viruses. The antioxidant gene CAT was upregulated. PLCD1, which is involved in immune signal transduction and plays a role in cancer suppression, was also upregulated. Carcinogenic or indirect genes PKM2, ACY1, HK2, and TBXA2 were down-regulated. The genes GPT2, glude2, and G6PC, which played an important role in maintaining homeostasis, were up-regulated. Therefore, the present study suggests that 125% of the NRC recommendations for Thr level had better effects on antioxidant and immune capacity, as well as maintaining the homeostasis of the body.

Effect of Dietary L-Threonine and Toxin Binder on Performance, Blood Parameters, and Immune Response of Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1

“…It has been reported that increasing levels of L-Thr improved the antioxidant capacity [ 33 , 59 ] by the best effects at 125% of the NRC; 1994 [ 32 ] recommended amounts. In the present study, the concentrations of SOD and CAT were not affected by the treatments, but a markable positive change in the GPX level was observed.…”

Cosmeceutical Potential of Extracts Derived from Fishery Industry Residues: Sardine Wastes and Codfish Frames

“…In the case of sardine samples, a high correlation (R 2 ≥ 0.94) was also obtained for free and total tryptophan content. Accordingly, all these amino acids have been previously reported to have antioxidant properties in several model systems [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. For elastase and tyrosinase inhibition activities, the highest correlation coefficients (R 2 ≥ 0.8) were obtained for total protein content and free arginine, respectively, suggesting that these compounds could have an important role in the potential anti-ageing and anti-hyperpigmentation effect of fish industry waste streams extracts.…”

An insight into role of amino acids as antioxidants via NRF2 activation

“…Next, threonine synthase converts homoserine phosphate to threonine (Raïs et al 2001 ). Its antioxidant boosts the immune system’s ability to fight free radicals, protecting the body's equilibrium (Ji et al 2019 ; Egbujor et al 2020a ). Dietary threonine elevates mRNA levels of NRF2 and its dependent antioxidant enzymes and improves growth performance and muscle growth (Zhao et al 2020 ).…”