Effect of Dietary L-Threonine and Toxin Binder on Performance, Blood Parameters, and Immune Response of Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of L-Threonine (L-Thr) and Mycofix® Plus (MP) on aflatoxicosis, an experiment with a 3-way ANOVA model was carried out with 8 replicates and 640 birds. Treatments included two levels of L-Thr (100% and 125% of the requirements, Cobb 500, Cobb-Vantress), Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (0, 500 ppb), and MP (0, 1 g/kg). As the main effects showed, AFB1 decreased breast meat yield and carcass percentage (p < 0.001), serum urea, antibody titer against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and bone density (p < 0.05), while it increased the plasma concentrations of glucose and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.05). Mycofix Plus improved the grower feed intake (FI), tibia fresh weight, and body weight (BW) to bone weight (p < 0.05). L-Threonine increased the grower FI, breast meat yield, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (p < 0.05). There were positive interactions with breast meat yield, cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and IBV titer. Of the treatments used, the combination of L-Thr and MP without AFB1 improved breast meat and carcass percentage. L-Threonine and MP significantly improved IBV titer in birds challenged with AFB1 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, L-Thr and MP were beneficial to improve immunity.

Effects of Aflatoxins and Fumonisins, Alone or in Combination, on Performance, Health, and Safety of Food Products of Broiler Chickens, and Mitigation Efficacy of Bentonite and Fumonisin Esterase

“…The BENT at the dose used in the current study was able to reduce the negative impact of feeding AFB1 contaminated diets on the broilers heart, liver, and spleen weights, demonstrating the ability of BENT to bind to AFB1 thus reducing its effects on the organs. In other findings, BENT was also reported to counteract the toxic effects of AFB1 on organs of broiler chickens. , The relative gizzard and bursa weights were not different among the treatment groups and in similar findings, gizzard and bursa weights of broiler chickens fed AFB1 at moderate to high concentrations (20 to 500 μg/kg feed) from 1 to 35 day of age revealed no change in the weights of these organs. , However, feeding AFB1 at levels higher than the present study (750 μg/kg) for 28 days resulted in decreased bursa weight of 7-day-old broiler chickens, confirming the impaired immune functions due to aflatoxicosis . As concluded for the broilers’ growth performance, BENT or FZYM alone at the inclusion levels in the present study was safe for use in chickens and did not affect the weights of all the examined organs.…”

Aflatoxins in poultry feed: Present status and future concerns

“…Also, serum concentration of uric acid was not affected in broilers fed diet supplemented with 2 ppm of aflatoxin B1 during the period from 1 to 21 days of age (Solis-Cruz et al, 2019). There were non-significant differences in serum concentration of albumin in broilers fed diet added with aflatoxin at 500 µg/kg (Mesgar et al, 2022). Likewise, Tavangar et al, (2021) supplementation of aflatoxin B1 at 1 ppm to broilers diet did not influenced concentration of albumin.…”

“…Additionally, Tavangar et al (2021) supplementation of aflatoxin B1 at 1 ppm to broilers diet had been significantly (P<0.01) reduced serum total protein compared to control group. However, there was non-significant change in serum total protein of broilers fed diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at 500 µg/kg (Mesgar et al, 2022).…”

“…Likewise, Denli et al (2004) observed that serum contain of uric acid significantly (p<0.05) decreased in broilers consumed contaminated diet with 200,300 ng/kg aflatoxin B1 than to control diet. Additionally, Mesgar et al, (2022) supplementation of aflatoxin at 500 µg/kg did not affected serum concentrate of uric acid and urea. Thus, There were non-significant differences in serum concentration of uric acid in broilers consumed diet added with 1.5 mg/kg from 1 to 20 days of age (Chen et al, 2016).…”

The Efficacy of Additives for the Mitigation of Aflatoxins in Animal Feed: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

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