Effects of Dietary Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate (NFC) to Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) Ratio Change on Rumen Bacteria in Sheep Based on Three Generations of Full-Length Amplifiers Sequencing

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary NFC/NDF ratio change on rumen bacteria in sheep. Twelve Karakul sheep were assigned randomly into four groups fed with four dietary NFC/NDF ratios of 0.54, 0.96, 1.37, and 1.90 and they were assigned into groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The experiment was divided into four periods: I (1–18 d), II (19–36 d), III (37–54 d), and IV (55–72 d). In each period, the first 15 d were used for adaption, and then rumen fluid was collected for 3 d from each sheep before morning feeding. The fluid was analyzed with three generations of full-length amplifiers sequencing. Results showed that the bacterial diversity of group 4 was decreased in period III and IV. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes (37–60%) and Firmicutes (26–51%) were the most dominant bacteria over the four periods. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Spirochaete changed with dietary NFC/NDF ratio change over the four periods, but there was no difference among groups over the four periods (p > 0.05). At the genus level, unidentified-Lachnospiraceae was the dominant genus, and its relative abundance in group 3 was high during the period I and III (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Mycoplasma in group 4 was high in the period I and II (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Succiniclasticum was high in group 2 of period II (p < 0.05). At the species level, the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio-fibrisolvens was found to be high in group 3 during periods I and III (p < 0.05). The main semi-cellulose-degrading bacteria and starch-degrading bacteria were low, and there was no significant difference among groups over four periods (p > 0.05). Taken together, the dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.90 decreased the diversity of bacteria as a period changed from I to IV. While the main phylum bacteria didn’t change, their relative abundance changed with the dietary NFC/NDF ratio change over the four periods. The most prevalent genus was unidentified-Lachnospiraceae, and its relative abundance was higher in dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.37 than other groups. Similarly, the main cellulose-degrading species was higher in the treatment of dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.37 than other groups.

Silage Mixtures of Alfalfa with Sweet Sorghum Alter Blood and Rumen Physiological Status and Rumen Microbiota of Karakul Lambs

“…Regardless of diet, the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology revealed that the microbial community of the lamb was dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level ( Figure 2 ). Similar findings have been observed in Karakul sheep [ 42 ] and other sheep [ 43 , 44 ]. For the ruminants, Firmicutes play a considerable role in degradation of the fiber and cellulose [ 45 ].…”

Functional roles of xylanase enhancing intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs by reducing the digesta viscosity and modulating the mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum

“…It was reported in human studies that a low abundance of Succinivibrio is correlated with gastrointestinal disorders and loss of intestinal integrity in the colon ( Hespell, 1992 ). Moreover, Succinivibrio has been reported to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose ( Pu et al, 2020 ). Although Pseudomonas belongs to Proteobacteria phylum, its ability to adapt to degrade fiber has been previously reported ( Guo et al, 2018 ).…”

Hotel room access control: an NFC approach ecotourism framework

“…Notwithstanding, given the ongoing NFC strategies used in the passageways business (Shr _ IVastava and Shr _ IVastava, 2021), it is thought of as very hard to carry out the framework in an inn climate because of cost limitations (Nguyen et al, 2019). These are brought about by the NFC being restricted to detached cards, which require significant expenses to create for every client, particularly in an inn climate, as the number of cards would be an enormous issue to keep up with and, moreover, inclined to be misplaced or obtained from clients, which creates an immense hole in the information enrollment as well as safekeeping trailed by the expenses to produce additional tokens (Pu et al, 2020;Wiastuti et al, 2020). The data set in the NFC framework requires significant complex calculations to oversee, whereas data put away in an outside data set requires exceptional access (Xie et al, 2020).…”