According to recent reports, planar structure-based organometallic perovskite solar cells (OPSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE), making them very competitive with the more traditional silicon photovoltaics. A complete understanding of OPSCs and their individual parts is still necessary for further enhancement in PCE. In this work, indium sulfide (In2S3)-based planar heterojunction OPSCs were proposed and simulated with the SCAPS (a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator)-1D programme. Initially, OPSC performance was calibrated with the experimentally fabricated architecture (FTO/In2S3/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au) to evaluate the optimum parameters of each layer. The numerical calculations showed a significant dependence of PCE on the thickness and defect density of the MAPbI3 absorber material. The results showed that as the perovskite layer thickness increased, the PCE improved gradually but subsequently reached a maximum at thicknesses greater than 500 nm. Moreover, parameters involving the series resistance as well as the shunt resistance were recognized to affect the performance of the OPSC. Most importantly, a champion PCE of over 20% was yielded under the optimistic simulation conditions. Overall, the OPSC performed better between 20 and 30 °C, and its efficiency rapidly decreases above that temperature.

Smart surgery is a new way to utilize smart devices to change existing surgeries. Smart glasses can enhance the surgical procedure so that the patient can understand the procedure more intuitively. Surgery is for patients, and patient acceptance of extended reality surgery is the purpose of this study. This study uses the technology behavior model, which is more in line with the user’s assessment of the acceptance behavior of the new technology. A triangulated research approach was used, which applies to this study for a specific patient population. Primary data were collected from hospitals through questionnaires and were statistically analyzed by CB&PLS-SEM multimodel using SmartPLS software. It was concluded that patients were influenced by operational emotional factors in undergoing extended reality surgery. The study provides a basis for future research related to the practical application of smart surgery from the patient’s perspective in viewing and accepting surgery.

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A metaheuristic approach based on the nature-inspired and well-known Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (GWO) was employed in this study to design an approach for retrieving strong designs of 8 × 8 substitution boxes (S-boxes). The GWO was developed as a novel metaheuristic based on inspiration from grey wolves and how they hunt. The ability of the GWO to quickly explore the search space for the near/optimal feature subsets that maximize any given fitness function (in consideration of its distinctive hierarchical structure) aids in the construction of strong S-boxes that can satisfy the required criteria. However, when tackling optimization problems, GWO may experience the problem of premature convergence. Therefore, a variant of GWO called Crossover Grey Wolf Optimizer (XGWO) has been proposed in this study. The performance of the proposed novel approach was evaluated using numerous cryptographic performance metrics, including bijective property, bit independence, strict avalanche, linear probability, and I/O XOR distribution and the result was contrasted with a couple of existing S-box creation techniques. Overall, the results of the experiment showed that the suggested S-box design had adequate cryptographic features.

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