Effects of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of White Growing Pekin Ducks from Two to Six Weeks of Age

Fan, Hongying; Xie, Ming; Wang, W. W.; Hou, Shuisheng; Huang, Wei

doi:10.3382/ps.2007-00460

Cited by 87 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thereafter, feed intake on dry matter basis decreased. This is, possibly, because the chickens had met their energy requirements and hence there was no need to increase their intakes further (NRC, 1994;Fan et al, 2008;Mbajiorgu et al, 2011). The present optimal dietary energy values for intake are similar to those of Mbajiorgu (2010).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Dietary energy level for optimum productivity and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens raised in closed confinement

Alabi¹,

Ng’ambi²,

Norris³

2014

SA J. An. Sci.

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A study was conducted to determine dietary energy levels for optimum productivity and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens raised in closed confinement. Four dietary treatments were considered in the first phase (1 to 7 weeks) on two hundred day-old unsexed indigenous Venda chicks indicated as EVS 1 , EVS 2 , EVS 3 and EVS 4 (11, 12, 13 and 14 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively) and each treatment was replicated five times. In the second phase (8 -13 weeks), 160 indigenous Venda female chickens, aged eight weeks, were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments and each treatment was replicated five times in a completely randomized design. The diets used in both trials were isonitrogenous but with different energy levels. A quadratic equation was used to determine dietary energy levels for optimum feed intake, growth rate, FCR and ME intake at both the starter and grower phases and the carcass characteristics of the birds at 91 days. Dietary energy levels of 12.91, 12.42, 12.34 and 12.62 MJ ME/kg DM feed supported optimum feed intake, growth rate, FCR and ME intake, respectively, for the starter phase. At the grower phase, dietary energy levels of 12.56, 12.66, 12.62 and 12.71 MJ ME/kg DM feed supported optimum feed intake, growth rate, FCR and ME intake, respectively. Carcass, drumstick, thigh and wing had optimum weights at dietary energy levels of 13.81, 13.23, 13.43 and 13.18 MJ ME/ kg DM, respectively. Thus, dietary energy level for optimization depended on the particular production parameter in question.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Dietary energy level for optimum productivity and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens raised in closed confinement

Alabi¹,

Ng’ambi²,

Norris³

2014

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…Konsumsi pakan juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik ternak. Beberapa strain unggas mampu menghasilkan konsumsi pakan yang efisien dengan memanfaatkan sebaik-baiknya zat gizi berupa asam amino untuk pertumbuhan, sebaliknya pertumbuhan ternak baik akan tetapi nilai konsumsi pakan menjadi tinggi (Fan et al 2008;Hernandez et al 2004). Pakan yang mengandung protein sebesar 19 dan 21% merupakan level yang paling baik untuk konsumsi pakan itik dibandingkan dengan level 23%.…”

Section: Konsumsi Pakan Itikunclassified

Growth and carcass production responses of EPMp broiler ducks to various levels of crude fiber and protein in the diet

Purba¹,

Prasetyo²

2015

JITV

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Purba M, Prasetyo LH. 2014. Growth and carcass production responses of EPMp broiler ducks to various levels of crude fiber and protein in the diet. JITV 19(3): 220-230. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v19i3.1085Inclusion of crude fiber in diet is important for duck growth, but there is a limit in its use in order for the ducks to grow normally. The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth and carcass production responses of EPMp broiler ducks under different levels of crude fiber and protein in diets. Four hundreds and twenty day old ducklings were allocated into 7 treatments with 6 replications and each replication consisted of 10 ducks. The treatments were the factorial combinations of crude fiber content of 6 or 9% and protein content of 19, 21, or 23%; and BR-1 (starter diet) as positive control. The variables observed were: feed intake, weekly body weight, and percentage of carcass production. The results showed that all variables observed were not significantly affected by CF content, but highly significantly affected by crude protein levels in diet. Protein content of 19 or 21% in diet resulted in a better performance for EPMp ducks. The inclusion of high CF in diet did not affect carcass percentage, except for reduced abdominal fat. The study implies that administration of high CF (6 or 9%) with a protein content of 19 or 21% in the diet are still acceptable to EPMp ducks at 12 weeks. Penyertaan serat kasar dalam pakan sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan itik, namun ada batas penggunaannya agar itik tumbuh dengan normal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji respon pertumbuhan dan produksi karkas itik pedaging EPMp dengan pemberian serat kasar tinggi pada level protein yang berbeda dalam pakan. Empat ratus dua puluh ekor itik umur sehari dipelihara selama dua belas minggu dan dialokasikan ke dalam 7 perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 ekor itik. Susunan ransum perlakuan merupakan kombinasi factorial antara kadar serat kasar 6 atau 9% dan kadar protein 19, 21 atau 23%; dan BR-1 (pakan starter) sebagai kontrol positif. Peubah yang diamati mencakup: konsumsi pakan, bobot badan mingguan dan persentase produksi karkas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir dan FCR tidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh pemberian SK tinggi dalam pakan, akan tetapi sangat nyata dipengaruhi oleh kadar protein dalam pakan. Kadar protein 19 dan 21% dalam pakan menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik pada itik EMPp umur 12 minggu. Persentase bobot karkas itik tidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh kadar SK dalam pakan akan tetapi nyata untuk bobot lemak abdominal itik. Pemberian SK tinggi tidak nyata berpengaruh terhadap performa itik, akan tetapi nyata menurunkan bobot lemak abdominal. Dari hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian SK tinggi 6 atau 9% dengan kandungan protein 19 atau 21% dalam pakan masih dapat diterima oleh itik pedaging EPMp umur 12 minggu.Kata Kunci: Itik Pedaging EPMp, Serat Kasar, Performa, Karkas PENDAHULUANSalah satu masalah utama ...

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“…food quantity and quality) is a primary limiting factor influencing many physiological processes including reproduction (Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2006;dos Santos et al, 2010), growth (Cox et al, 2008;Fan et al, 2008), development (Corbel et al, 2010) and the immune system (McGraw et al, 2006;Houston et al, 2007). Energetic status may also act as a proximate cue for timing reproductive activities in seasonal breeders (Hau et al, 2000;Schoech and Hahn, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpredictable food availability induces metabolic and hormonal changes independent of food intake in a sedentary songbird

Fokidis

Roziers

Sparr

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYEnvironments often vary with regard to their temporal resource availability, but little is understood concerning how resource predictability impacts animals. The adaptive regulation hypothesis suggests that organisms act to conserve their current energetic state during periods of diminished food access and recuperate their energetic reserves (fat and muscle) during periods of greater food availability. In contrast, the chronic stress hypothesis suggests that variation in access to food can induce a prolonged stress response, resulting in maladaptive usage of energy reserves and increased behavioral activity. To distinguish between these hypotheses we compared the behavioral, hormonal and metabolic responses of captive curve-billed thrashers, Toxostoma curvirostre, fed varying amounts each day (variable group) with those of birds fed a constant amount every day (constant feeding group). Birds of both groups consumed, on average, a similar total amount of food during the course of the study, but birds in the variable feeding group lost mass and increased their circulating initial levels of the stress hormone corticosterone, showed evidence for increased secretion of a hypothalamic stress peptide, vasotocin, used greater amounts of fat and protein energy reserves, and were more behaviorally active than birds in the constant feeding group. Overall, these findings support the chronic stress hypothesis and suggest that birds such as thrashers may be particularly susceptible to the perception of unpredictable variation in food supplies independent of actual energetic constraints.Key words: chronic stress, food variability, predictability, curve-billed thrasher, corticosterone, energy reserve, vasotocin, fault bar, gluconeogenesis, lipid, protein, glucose. al., 1992;Lohmus et al., 2006) and can promote locomotor activity in captivity (Lynn et al., 2003;Fokidis et al., 2011a). These behavioral changes can also alter the energy balance. By responding to changes of the current energetic state, the HPA axis plays an important role in mediating transitions from regular 'life history' activities to vital 'emergency' functioning.In environments, such as those subjected to frequent inclement weather and where food availability can rapidly vary temporally, the relationship between maintenance of energy reserves and the stress of 'unpredictable' foraging has been considered in a risk foraging framework (Bednekoff and Houston, 1994). This framework suggests that periods of variable food intake due to variation in food abundance or interruptions in foraging due to increased 'risk' (such as predation or inclement weather) prompt individuals to regulate their body mass and energy usage (Bednekoff and Krebs, 1995;Witter et al., 1995; Cuthill et al., 2000). In birds and mammals, temporal variability in food availability is associated with fattening (Bednekoff and Krebs, 1995), an increase in daily torpor (Munn et al., 2010), increased or stabilized body mass (Witter et al., 1995; Cuthill et al., 2000) and less behavioral act...

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Effects of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of White Growing Pekin Ducks from Two to Six Weeks of Age

Cited by 87 publications

References 13 publications

Dietary energy level for optimum productivity and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens raised in closed confinement

Dietary energy level for optimum productivity and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens raised in closed confinement

Growth and carcass production responses of EPMp broiler ducks to various levels of crude fiber and protein in the diet

Unpredictable food availability induces metabolic and hormonal changes independent of food intake in a sedentary songbird

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