Effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs.

Smith, Jimmy W.; Tokach, Mike D; O’Quinn, P.R.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Goodband, Robert D.

doi:10.2527/1999.77113007x

Cited by 82 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Added dietary fat has been shown to improve HCW and carcass yield (Smith et al, 1999;Jackson et al, 2009), whereas others have shown no affect, which would agree with findings from the present study (Bee et al, 2002; 2 C22:6n3 not included; all values were equal to or less than 0.003.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of dietary fat source and feeding duration on finishing pig growth performance, carcass composition, and fat quality1,2

Stephenson¹,

Vaughn²,

Burnett³

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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A total of 160 finishing pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; initially 45.6 kg) were used in an 84d experi ment to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and feeding duration on growth performance, carcass char acteristics, and carcass fat quality. There were 2 pigs per pen with 8 pens per treatment. The 10 dietary treat ments were a corn-soybean meal control diet with no added fat and a 3 × 3 factorial with main effects of fat source (4% tallow, 4% soybean oil, or a blend of 2% tallow and 2% soybean oil) and feeding duration (d 0 to 42, 42 to 84, or 0 to 84). The control cornsoybean meal diet was fed in place of added fat diets when needed for duration treatment purposes. On d 0, 1 pig was identified in each pen and fat biopsy samples of the back, belly, and jowl were collected on d 0, 41, and 81 for fatty acid analysis. At the conclusion of the study, all pigs were harvested, carcass characteristics were determined, and back, belly, and jowl fat samples were collected for analysis. Overall (d 0 to 84), there were no differences among pigs fed the different fat sources for growth and carcass characteristics; howev er, pigs fed diets with added fat for the entire study had improved (P = 0.036) G:F compared with pigs fed the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of dietary fat source and feeding duration on finishing pig growth performance, carcass composition, and fat quality1,2

Stephenson¹,

Vaughn²,

Burnett³

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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“…These results confirm those obtained by LopezBote et al (1997), Smith et al (1999) and Stein et al (1996), who have all observed an increase in carcass yield when assessing different levels of ME while maintaining the lysine:energy ratio for growing and finishing pigs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Performance and carcass characteristics of swine at 50 kg fed diets with different energy levels and reduced levels of crude protein

et al. 2009

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of metabolic energy (ME) in diets with a reduced level of crude protein (CP) on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing swine. Thirty-two high-performance barrows (initial weight of 22.5 ± 1.43 kg and final weight of 50.81 ± 2.54 kg) were distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments (three levels of ME - 3,060, 3,230 and 3,400 kcal/kg - in diets with 14% CP, and one control treatment with 3,230 kcal ME/kg and 18% CP) and four replicates. The diets were formulated with a true digestible basis of amino acids present in the feed, with methionine and threonine concentrations corrected as a function of lysine levels. The animals were slaughtered and their carcasses were studied. The ME levels did not affect the average weight gain, the feed:gain ratio, the backfat thickness or the loin eye area. A higher carcass yield and a higher carcass meat:fat ratio were observed in the animals that received the 3,230 and 3,060 kcal/kg ME levels. Compared to the control treatment, only the 3,400 kcal/kg ME level had a lower average daily feed intake. It is concluded that the CP level in diet should be reduced from 18% to 14% and the metabolizable energy level should be increased, thus reducing the feed intake and increasing the carcass meat:fat ratio without affecting the animal weight gain.

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“…As is also assumed in other pig growth models (Whittemore et al, 2001;van Milgen et al, 2008), the modified InraPorc model used in this study assumed that pigs do not modify feed intake during or after lysine-deficient periods. The assumption that pigs do not increase feed intake to meet their requirements when fed lysine-deficient diets is supported by some authors (Owen et al, 1994;Nam and Aherne, 1994) but not by others (Smith et al, 1999;Cline et al, 2000). Feeding pigs at levels below Lys requirements limits protein growth and pigs become fatter and lighter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic comparison of the empirical and factorial methods used to estimate the nutrient requirements of growing pigs

Hauschild

Pomar

Lovatto

2010

Animal

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Empirical and factorial methods are currently used to estimate nutrient requirements for domestic animals. The purpose of this study was to estimate the nutrient requirements of a given pig population using the empirical and factorial methods; to establish the relationship between the requirements estimated with these two methods; and to study the limitations of the methods when used to determine the level of a nutrient needed to optimize individual and population responses of growing pigs. A systematic analysis was carried out on optimal lysine-to-net-energy (Lys : NE) ratios estimated by the empirical and factorial methods using a modified InraPorc R growth model. Sixty-eight pigs were individually simulated based on detailed experimental data. In the empirical method, population responses were estimated by feeding pigs with 11 diets of different Lys : NE ratios. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were the chosen performance criteria. These variables were combined with economic information to estimate the economic responses. In the factorial method, the Lys : NE ratio for each animal was estimated by model inversion. Optimal Lys : NE ratios estimated for growing pigs (25 to 105 kg) differed between the empirical and the factorial method. When the average pig is taken to represent a population, the factorial method does not permit estimation of the Lys : NE ratio that maximizes the response of heterogeneous populations in a given time or weight interval. Although optimal population responses are obtained by the empirical method, the estimated requirements are fixed and cannot be used for other growth periods or populations. This study demonstrates that the two methods commonly used to estimate nutrient requirements provide different nutrient recommendations and have important limitations that should be considered when the goal is to optimize the response of individuals or pig populations.

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Effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs.

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of dietary fat source and feeding duration on finishing pig growth performance, carcass composition, and fat quality1,2

Influence of dietary fat source and feeding duration on finishing pig growth performance, carcass composition, and fat quality1,2

Performance and carcass characteristics of swine at 50 kg fed diets with different energy levels and reduced levels of crude protein

Systematic comparison of the empirical and factorial methods used to estimate the nutrient requirements of growing pigs

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