Effects of dietary Chinese herbal medicines mixture on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical parameters of European eel, Anguilla anguilla

Effect of Dietary Polyherbal Mixture on Growth Performance, Haemato-Immunological Indices, Antioxidant Responses, and Intestinal Morphometry of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus

“…The increase in weight gain in fish fed PHB-2 and PHB-1 represents 21.43% and 12.65% compared to fish fed control diets. Similar results were reported in Japanese seabass [17] and European eels [11] fed diets supplemented with Chinese herbal medicine mixture. Raissy et al [12] reported that 5% of combined herb extracts significantly improved growth performance and feed conversion efficiency in Cyprinus carpio.…”

“…Natural compounds of plant origin are becoming increasingly popular in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics, both in terms of efficacy and cost, and are superior to other additives because they contain high levels of organic constituents that are safe for fish and humans, as well as the environment [7,8]. Herbs and their derivatives have been reported in fish as growth enhancers and activators of the innate immune system and have antioxidant and antibacterial properties due to the presence of several bioactive principles [3,[9][10][11][12]. For instance, in rohu (Labeo rohita), Fawole et al [9,13] showed that the use of guava and mango leaf extract effectively improves the growth, white blood cells, respiratory burst and lysozyme activities, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila.…”

“…Combinations of turmeric and black pepper powder were reported to improve growth and ameliorate the hepatotoxic, reprotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects of cadmium in Clarias gariepinus [16]. In aquaculture, several attempts have been made to examine the efficacy of different polyherbal mixtures [4,11,12,17], and the results obtained have been of great interest for antibiotic-free aquaculture. However, despite the great potential of polyherbal mixture for the treatment of ailments in Nigeria, little has been done in aquaculture.…”

“…Despite the documented biological functions of these herbs (Table 1), little emphasis has been placed on their potential synergistic effect on fish, especially African catfish. Huang et al [11] showed that twelve dietary Chinese herbal mixtures improve growth, stimulate digestive enzyme activity, and enhance the antioxidant and immune response of European eels (Anguilla anguilla). Similarly, dietary mixture of Coriandrum sativum, Malva sylvestris, and Quercus brantii elevated growth, non-specific immunity, and improved resistance of common carp against Aeromonas hydrophila [12].…”

Anguilla sp. diseases diagnoses and treatments: The ideal methods at the crossroads of conservation and aquaculture purposes

“…Several attempts to add probiotics and/or plants to eels diet followed by pathogen challenges have also been made. These include probiotic bacteria (Chang & Liu, 2002; Lee et al., 2013, 2017), association of a bacterium and mannooligosaccharides (Lee et al., 2018), alternative protein sources (García‐Gallego et al., 1998), and various other natural product derivatives (Bae et al., 2008; Bae et al., 2012; Choi et al., 2008; Huang et al, 2020; Lee et al., 2018) (Table 6).…”