Effects of Dehulled, Crushed and Untreated Whole-Grain Paddy Rice on Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different types of paddy rice (dehulled, crushed and untreated whole-grain forms) on growth performance in broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, a control diet containing 41.6% corn (control), and three experimental diets containing 40.7% dehulled, 43% crushed or 43% whole-grain paddy rice, were formulated to be iso-caloric (3,100 kcal/kg ME) and iso-nitrogenous (20% crude protein), but to contain different levels of fat (6%, 5.6%, 10.7%, 10.7%, respectively). Groups of 0-day-old chickens were the fed experimental diets ad libitum for 28 d. The average final body weight of groups fed the crushed and untreated wholegrain paddy rice was significantly lower (P＜0.05) than that of the control group, but that of dehulled rice-fed group was slightly higher than the control group. This finding implies that the growth retardation seen with crushed or untreated whole rice could be caused by the feed intake-reduction due to the fat addition to the experimental diets. In Experiment 2, the control diet containing corn and the experimental diets containing dehulled and untreated wholegrain paddy rice were formulated to contain similar levels of fat (5.6-6%) and to be iso-nitrogenous (20%), but not to be iso-caloric. As a result, the average body weight gain of the whole-grain rice-fed chickens showed a considerable increase compared with the control diet-fed chickens even though the energy content of the former diet was only about 90% that of the control diet. It is concluded that whole-grain paddy rice could serve as a valuable constituent of broiler chicken feed, but that excess fat in the diet to maintain the ME content (3,100 kcal/g) could have a negative effect on growth performance.

Effect of Feeding Diets Combining Whole-Grain Paddy Rice and High Levels of Fat on Broiler Chicken Growth

“…Those findings are not entirely supported by our previous data (Nanto et al, 2012), which showed that chicks fed a diet containing 43% whole-grain paddy rice and 10% soybean oil exhibited growth retardation relative to a control group fed a corn-based diet containing 6% soybean oil. However, feeding chicks with diet containing 43% whole-grain paddy rice and 6% soybean oil resulted in normal growth.…”

Corn replacement by broken rice in meat-type quail diets

“…However, for growing phase quails, Sethi et al (2006) concluded that broken rice could replace up to 50% of dietary corn without affecting quail growth performance. Nanto et al (2012) obtained higher final weight in broilers when corn was totally replaced by dehulled paddy rice in the diets. Similarly, Gonzalez-Alvarado et al (2007) obtained better performance in broilers fed a diet containing dehulled paddy rice as main energy source compared with those fed with corn, and attributed this effect to the higher starch and lower fiber contents of rice.…”

“…However, in the present study, increasing soybean oil inclusion levels as broken rice inclusion increased did not have the same effect. Although no effect on gizzard yield was observed, Brum Júnior et al (2007) and Nanto et al (2012) found reduced gizzard weight as the substitution of corn by broken rice and dehulled paddy rice increased. The authors associated this result to the reduced stimulation of this organ as a consequence of the higher starch and lower non-starch polysaccharide levels of broken rice (Choct, 2002).…”

“…Cancherini et al (2008) also did not find any significant effects of dietary broken rice inclusion on broiler carcass yield. According to Nanto et al (2012), high soybean oil inclusion levels in diets where dehulled paddy rice completely replaced corn had negative effect on carcass traits due to the accumulation of abdominal fat. However, in the present study, increasing soybean oil inclusion levels as broken rice inclusion increased did not have the same effect.…”

Growth Performance and Histological Intestinal Alterations of Sanuki Cochin Chickens Fed Diets Diluted with Untreated Whole-Grain Paddy Rice

“…Therefore, some poultry producers have long been focused on reducing feed costs without negative effects on growth performance by using various dietary management methods, such as whole grain feedings or dietary dilutions. In many countries, feeding whole grains to poultry has become a common practice to reduce the cost of grinding (Cumming, 1992;Svihus et al, 2004) and to increase the use of locally grown grains (Nanto et al, 2012). Concurrently, the cultivation and use of paddy rice for the livestock industry has also been advocated in Japan.…”