Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on mechanical damage during corn kernel handling: Cracking

Shahbazi, Reza; Shahbazi, Feizollah

doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2022.102006

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This system consists of a box 100 cm in length and 20 cm in width [twice the width of the transfer pipe diameter (10 cm)]. Inside the box, there are two sloped blades 22 cm in length, installed at 45° in the opposite directions of seed flow and cushioned with rubber with a thickness of 4 mm [ 21 ]. Based on the grain transfer pipe length, the cushion box can be installed at different distances along the pipe to minimize mechanical injury caused by impact.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of system lets seeds fall gently to the bin without causing a mechanical impact on the seeds. The structure of this system consists of a cubic box that is 100 cm long and 15 cm in width [1.5 times the width of the transfer pipe diameter (10 cm)] The ladder was made of a galvanized still sheet with a thickness of 7 mm [ 21 ]. As shown in Figs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, when the moisture content was less than 10%, the lower temperature did not cause an increase in breakage. In researches by Shahbazi and Shahbazi [ 21 ] studied the effects of cushion box and closed let-down usage in reducing the mechanical damage of corn seeds due to free fall at different drop heights and moisture contents and reported that the use of those systems reduced the amount of damage to corn seeds in the forms of breakage percentage and cracking index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spiral slide let-downs can also be installed in bins. One of these systems should be installed inside every bin To reduce the drop height and speed of falling of the grains when leaving the conveyors or in unloading or loading the grains storage bins, stepping falling systems (ladder) should be used [20,21]. Impact damage to seeds has been the subject of much research due to reduced crop quality during harvesting, handling and processing [22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impact damage to seeds has been the subject of much research due to reduced crop quality during harvesting, handling and processing [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Various drop tests studied were implemented with the seeds of some agricultural products such as chickpeas [17], corn [21,[29][30][31], soybean [19,30] and wheat [30]. The results of the above research showed that the mechanical damage to the seeds due to the impact caused by free fall increased with drop height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on damage to corn during handling: physiological deterioration

Shahbazi

2022

Plant Methods

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Background Corn seeds have a high susceptibility to mechanical damage due to their large size and mass. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage in minimizing the negative influence of the free fall on the storage potential of corn seeds. Corn seeds were evaluated for the extent of physiological damage by measuring the seed deterioration by the accelerated aging test (percentage loss in germination in the accelerated aging test), using three drop methods (free fall, with cushion box, and with closed let-down ladder) at three drop heights (5, 10, and 15 m) and five different moisture contents (10, 15, 20 and 25%). Results The drop methods had a significant effect on the storage potential of corn seeds. Sample seeds dropped without a ladder (free fall) had a significantly higher average physiological quality loss of 13.87% (loss in accelerated aging germination). In the use of the cushion box, the average percentage loss in germination was calculated to be 11.38%, which was decreased by about 18% more than the free fall. Sample seeds dropped with the closed let-down ladder had a lower average percentage loss in the germination of 8.78%, which showed that the closed let-down ladder significantly helped to reduce mechanical damage to corn seeds by about 37% comparing free fall and by about 23% to the use of the cushion box. The amounts of loss in physiological quality of corn seeds increased significantly with increasing drop height and moisture content, but the use of the cushion box and closed let-down ladder systems somewhat reduced the adverse effect of the above factors. Empirical models were developed for the dependency of physiological damage to corn seeds due to the impact caused by free fall, on the drop height and moisture content at different drop methods. Conclusions To minimize mechanical damage to seeds as they fall into the bin, a let-down ladder should be installed in the bin so that it can receive seeds from the filling spout with minimum damage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on damage to corn during handling: physiological deterioration

Shahbazi

2022

Plant Methods

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Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Shahbazi

2022

Food Science & Nutrition

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The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage in minimizing mechanical damage to corn kernels during free fall. Kernels from a single lot of cultivar KSC 705 were evaluated for percentage of breakage using three drop methods (free fall, with cushion box, and with closed let‐down ladder) at five different moisture contents (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%), and three drop heights (5, 10, and 15 m). The results showed that the drop methods had a significant effect on the breakage sensibility of kernels. Sample kernels dropped without a ladder (free fall) had a significantly higher average percentage breakage of 13.80%. In the use of the cushion box, the average kernel breakage was calculated to be 11.41%, which was decreased by about 17% more than the free fall. Sample kernels dropped with the closed let‐down ladder had a lower average breakage of 7.26%, which showed that the closed let‐down ladder significantly helped to reduce mechanical damage to corn kernels by about 47% comparing free fall and by about 37% than the use of the cushion box. The amounts of kernel damage increased significantly with increasing drop height and decreasing moisture content, but the use of the cushion box and closed let‐down ladder systems somewhat reduced the adverse effect of the above factors. To minimize mechanical damage to kernels as they fall into the bin, a grain let‐down ladder should be installed in the bin so that it can receive kernels from the filling spout with minimum damage. Empirical models were developed for the dependency of damage to corn kernels due to the impact caused by free fall on the drop height and moisture content at different drop methods.

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Assessing the effects of free fall conditions on damage to chickpea seeds: A comprehensive examination of seed deterioration

Delfan,

Shahbazi,

Eisvand

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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Impact damage is the most destructive effect on the seeds during harvesting, handling, and storage, both on‐farm and off‐farm. The chickpea seeds' dicotyledonous characteristics and large mass and size make them susceptible to mechanical damage under impact loading. Tests were conducted to determine the extent of damage to chickpea seeds due to the impact caused by free fall. The extent of internal damage to the chickpea seeds was determined, which included the measurement of seed deterioration by the accelerated aging method (percentage loss in germination in the accelerated aging test) and the measurement of electrical conductivity. Three independent variables were used in the test, namely: (a) drop height (3, 6, 9, and 12 m), (b) impact surface (concrete, metal, plywood and seeds on seeds), and (c) seed moisture content (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% w.b). The results showed that drop height, impact surface, and moisture content had significant effects (p < .01) on the loss in germination percentage and change in electrical conductivity of chickpea seeds. In terms of loss in germination, the highest damage to seeds occurred at the metal impact surface (41.96%) and the least at the seed on the seed (29.71%). The highest amount of electrical conductivity was related to the seeds dropped on the metal (36.09 μS cm−1 g−1) and the lowest was related to seed‐on‐seed contact (21.68 μS cm−1 g−1). By increasing the drop height from 3 to 12 m, the loss in germination and electrical conductivity of seeds increased from 27.74% to 48.08% and from 18.72 to 40.47 μS cm−1 g−1, respectively. Increasing the moisture content of chickpea seeds from 10 to 25% causes a decrease in the amount of damage to the seeds in terms of electrical conductivity (from 38.40 to 21.18 μS cm−1 g−1), but increases the damage in the form of a loss in the percentage germination in the accelerated aging test (from 29.22% to 42.88%). To reduce the impact damage to peas caused by free fall, the height of the fall should be limited to about 6 m, and they should be prevented from hitting hard and rough surfaces.

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Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on mechanical damage during corn kernel handling: Cracking

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on damage to corn during handling: physiological deterioration

Effects of cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage on damage to corn during handling: physiological deterioration

Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Assessing the effects of free fall conditions on damage to chickpea seeds: A comprehensive examination of seed deterioration

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