Effects of concentration, head group, and structure of surfactants on the degradation of phenanthrene

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and pyrene) by the ligninolytic fungi Ganoderma lucidum isolated from the hardwood stump

“…Thus, it is necessary to remediate the PAH compound from the environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has been listed 16 PAHs as priority pollutants, including phenanthrene and pyrene (Jin et al 2007;Puglisi et al 2007;Wu et al 2016). Phenanthrene and pyrene are considered as model compounds for the PAH degradation study because they were found most abundantly in the PAH-polluted environment (Bezalel et al 1996;Makkar and Rockne 2003;Mrozik and Piotrowska-Seget 2010).…”

Degradation of fluoranthene by a newly isolated strain of Herbaspirillum chlorophenolicum from activated sludge

“…Degradation of PAHs has been proved to be enhanced by inoculation with PAHs-degrading bacterial strains (TrzesickaMlynarz and Ward 1996;Juhasz and Naidu 2000;Pathak et al 2009), especially when the site has been polluted by poorly degradable HMW PAHs at high concentrations or the site has only recently been contaminated. To improve the bioavailability of PAHs, several kinds of surfactants have been applied in the biotreatment to investigate their potential ability in facilitating the PAHs biodegradation in recent years (Kim et al 2001;Collina et al 2007;Jin et al 2007;Seo and Bishop 2007). Some studies showed that the surfactants could significantly enhance the apparent solubility of PAHs via micelle solubilization, and then improve the bioavailability of PAHs into microorganisms (Edwards et al 1994;Sun et al 1995;Yu et al 2007), while others reported that excessive addition of surfactants might inhibit the biodegradation of PAHs (Doong and Lei 2003;Jin et al 2007;Li and Chen 2009).…”

“…To improve the bioavailability of PAHs, several kinds of surfactants have been applied in the biotreatment to investigate their potential ability in facilitating the PAHs biodegradation in recent years (Kim et al 2001;Collina et al 2007;Jin et al 2007;Seo and Bishop 2007). Some studies showed that the surfactants could significantly enhance the apparent solubility of PAHs via micelle solubilization, and then improve the bioavailability of PAHs into microorganisms (Edwards et al 1994;Sun et al 1995;Yu et al 2007), while others reported that excessive addition of surfactants might inhibit the biodegradation of PAHs (Doong and Lei 2003;Jin et al 2007;Li and Chen 2009). Most of earlier researches focus on the distribution of surfactants and PAHs in soil or water systems, and the biodegradation of PAHs with the presence of surfactants, etc.…”

Surfactant enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oily sludge.

“…Some important considerations need to be made when choosing suitable surfactants for enhancing biodegradation in a water-soil system, such as: a) In terms of surfactants, the physicochemical properties such as CMC and HLB are closely related to their emulsification and solubilization abilities as well as their capabilities in reducing surface tension and interfacial tension which eventually affect the efficiency of enhancing biodegradation (Volkering et al, 1998). In addition, the surfactant structure, head group and concentration applied may all have impacts on microbial growth in the remediation process (Jin et al, 2007) …”

“…Such toxicity effects would compromise all the positive effects brought by the biosurfactant initially and showed inhibitory effects on microbial growth. It has been reported by Jin et al (2007) that surfactant with lower HLB has a higher capacity to enhance the solubility of more toxic PAHs. The HLB of Rhamnolipids with 9.5 is relatively lower as compared to other two chemical surfactants used in the thesis experiments.…”