Effects of color on emotions.

Valdez, Patricia; Mehrabian, Albert

doi:10.1037/0096-3445.123.4.394

Cited by 935 publications

(850 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…For example, many people wear brightly colored clothes to contrast the dullness of rainy days, or choose soft items of clothing (e.g., a furry sweater) when they want to feel safe or cozy (see Kwon, 1991, for gender differences in mood-dependent cloth selection). There is indeed evidence that color affects mood (Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994), and the tactile qualities of the furry sweater may contribute to releasing chemicals known to lower stress levels. Consider also the work of the sociologist JeanClaude Kaufmann (2011), who found that the handbag a woman chooses to carry is neither simply an accessory for expressing individual style nor a utilitarian receptacle for toting around various practical tools (mobile phone, keys, tissues, etc.).…”

Section: Trustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaffoldings of the affective mind

Colombetti¹,

Krueger

2014

Philosophical Psychology

196

179

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In this paper we adopt Sterelny's (2010) framework of the scaffolded mind, and its related dimensional approach, to highlight the many ways in which human affectivity (and not just cognition) is environmentally supported. After discussing the relationship between the scaffolded-mind view and related frameworks, such as the "extended-mind" view, we illustrate the many ways in which our affective states are environmentally supported by items of material culture, other people, and their interplay. To do so, we draw on empirical evidence from various disciplines (sociology, ethnography, developmental psychology), and develop phenomenological considerations to distinguish different ways in which we experience the world in affectivity. Sterelny's Scaffolded MindSterelny (2010) distinguishes various dimensions of what he calls the scaffolded mind. This term refers to the idea that the mind is "environmentally supported," more specifically that 2 cognitive agents engineer their environment to sustain as well as amplify their cognitive abilities. Sterelny in particular draws on the niche-construction model (Odling-Smee et al., 2003) to characterize the scaffolded mind. According to this model, organisms carve out environmental niches to which they then adapt; in this way, processes of manipulation of the environment feed back onto the manipulating organism and transform it, often increasing the organism's chances of survival. A classic example of niche construction is the dam-building activity of the beaver, which changes the environment where the beaver lives, which in turn affects the beaver's behavior and that of its progeny.Niche construction comes in different varieties (Sterelny, 2003, chapter 8). For example, organisms physically modify their habitat, constructing structures (e.g. shelters, nests, dams) that modify how the environment impacts on them. Social organization is also a form of niche construction, for it creates a certain set of conditions that change the selective landscape. What Sterelny (2010) calls the scaffolded mind refers to processes of epistemic niche construction characteristic of human agency, consisting primarily in making cognitive tools and assembling informational resources to scaffold intelligent action: written language, mathematical notations, calendars, watches, telescopes, computers, etc. Moreover, in the human case, environmental scaffolding exerts its influence across generations in a particularly profound way, via the transmission of ecological and technical expertise (what Sterenly calls "intergenerational social learning"; see also Sterelny, 2012).Sterelny introduces the scaffolded-mind view as an alternative to the extended-mind view (ExM henceforth), first formulated by Clark & Chalmers (1998) and further elaborated by Andy Clark and others (e.g., Clark, 2008;Menary, 2010b). According to ExM, sometimes the material vehicles that realize the mind encompass not just neural or even bodily activity, but also that of the material environment. Sterelny does not reject ExM, b...

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Section: Trustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaffoldings of the affective mind

Colombetti¹,

Krueger

2014

Philosophical Psychology

196

179

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“…Specifically, people tend to evaluate brighter colors more positively than darker colors (Guilford, 1934;Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994). Given that the preference for brighter colors is also observed in monkeys (Humphrey, 1971), the association between valence and brightness is suggested to reflect a general evolutionary predisposition of diurnal animals, for which darkness increases anxiety and negative feelings (Grillon, Pellowski, Merikangas, & Davis, 1997).…”

Section: Brightness Differences Influence the Evaluation Of Affectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Brightness differences influence the evaluation of affective pictures

Lakens

Fockenberg

Lemmens

et al. 2013

Cognition & Emotion

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We explored the possibility of a general brightness bias: brighter pictures are evaluated more positively, while darker pictures are evaluated more negatively. In Study 1 we found that positive pictures are brighter than negative pictures in two affective picture databases (the IAPS and the GAPED). Study 2 revealed that because researchers select affective pictures on the extremity of their affective rating without controlling for brightness differences, pictures used in positive conditions of experiments were on average brighter than those used in negative conditions. Going beyond correlational support for our hypothesis, Studies 3 and 4showed that brighter versions of neutral pictures were evaluated more positively than darker versions of the same picture. Study 5 revealed that people categorized positive words more quickly than negative words after a bright prime picture, and vice versa for negative pictures.Together, these studies provide strong support for the hypotheses that picture brightness influences evaluations. Brightness of Affective Pictures 3 Brightness Differences Influence the Evaluation of Affective PicturesWhether a picture is judged to be positive or negative is obviously determined by the content of the picture. A picture of two puppies on a sunny meadow will be liked more than a

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“…Chroma is a measure of colour purity and vividness and is related to the saturation value. Higher chroma colours are found to be more arousing and induce a less relaxed-state 20 . The value of a colour is a measure of the brightness or how much white there is in a colour.…”

Section: Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of a colour is a measure of the brightness or how much white there is in a colour. Research suggests that brighter, high value colours, ones with more white in them, elicit a more relaxed response 20 .…”

Section: Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of visual stimuli on the horribleness of awful sounds

Cox

2008

Applied Acoustics

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Effects of color on emotions.

Cited by 935 publications

References 33 publications

Scaffoldings of the affective mind

Scaffoldings of the affective mind

Brightness differences influence the evaluation of affective pictures

The effect of visual stimuli on the horribleness of awful sounds

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