Effects of cocaine and d-amphetamine on sustained and selective attention in rats

Grilly, David M.; Gowans, Gordon C.; McCann, Don S.; Grogan, Timothy W.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90463-2

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2,4) Experimental evidence that a functional relation between CRT shortening and the regulation of selective attention exists has been accumulating. 3,6,11) On the other hand, the CRT has also been valuable in evaluating the role of basal ganglia in motor programming and response output, both in human diseases such as Parkinson's and Huntington's and in animal studies involving experimental disruption of the neostriatum and its connections. [13][14][15][16] In the present study, to examine in detail the effects of several centrally acting drugs on attentional processes, we designed seven parameters of the twolever CRT task, the CR, ER, NR, and DRO response rates, the number of incorrect lever presses during both the ITI and DRO periods, the mean CRT of CR, and activity during 30 trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pharmacological Characterization of Attentional Processes Using a Two-lever Choice Reaction Time Task in Rats.

Mishima

Fujii

Aoo

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Information processes through the learning and memory system consist of three steps: attention (arousal, decisionmaking, motivation, etc.); short-term memory (working memory); and long-term memory (reference memory).1) Attention is used in experimental and human clinical studies to mean the ability to perceive or focus on certain stimuli, but to ignore others in the environment. When people and animals are confronted with a stimulus in the environment, they must usually decide whether they need to remember it and they memorize it as a part of two memory systems (short-term memory and long-term memory) through attentional processes if necessary. Thus most investigators have found that this mechanism plays an important role in information processing and memory processing.A choice reaction time (CRT) task has been regarded as a good measure in experimental and human clinical studies on cognitive performance capability (attention, arousal, decision-making, motivation, etc.), especially visual attention. 2-4)The pioneering work of the group of Robbins in attentional processes using a five-choice serial reaction time task has shown that cholinergic innervation of the forebrain is important in attentional processes, noradrenergic innervation permits accurate performance during arousing situations, dopaminergic innervation of the nucleus accumbens is involved in behavioral activation, and forebrain serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the control of impulsive behavior. [5][6][7][8][9][10] We also reported that ischemic-hypoxic insult to neonatal rats and methamphetamine produced severe impairment of attention in a two-lever correct response (CR) task.11,12) Although a variety of neurons and neurotransmitters have thus been implicated in attentional processes in the five-choice serial reaction time task, the pharmacological characterization in the attentional processes of a two lever CRT task is not understood well. The objective of the present study was to investigate the pharmacological characterization in the attentional processes of a two-lever CRT task using 10 different centrally acting drugs: scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist; methamphetamine, a psychostimulant; D 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component of marijuana; prazosin, a noradrenergic a 1 receptor antagonist; 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH DPAT), a selective 5-HT 1A receptor agonist; muscimol, a GABA A receptor agonist; dizocilpine (MK-801), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist; 6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3-(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione hydrochloride (YM90K), an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist; N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor; and nilvadipine, an L-type Ca 2ϩ channel blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS AnimalsMale Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were obtained from the Kyu-Do Co., Ltd. (Saga, Japan), and were housed in groups of 4 to 5 per cage, in a room with a controlled temperature of 23Ϯ2°...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), especially visual attention. [2][3][4] A CRT, one of the parameters in the CRT task, has been used as a useful psychometric index of mental performance in human clinical studies. 2,4) Experimental evidence that a functional relation between CRT shortening and the regulation of selective attention exists has been accumulating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacological Characterization of Attentional Processes Using a Two-lever Choice Reaction Time Task in Rats.

Mishima

Fujii

Aoo

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Finally, we sought to evaluate whether two dopamine agonists (D-amphetamine and methamphetamine), at moderate doses, might serve as potential cognitive enhancers (e.g., Grilly 2000; Grilly and Gowans 1988;Grilly et al 1989;Norman and Cassaday 2003;Sagvolden and Xu 2008). These two compounds also allowed us to evaluate the secondary hypothesis that interval timing is mediated by a dopamine-driven internal clock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological manipulations of interval timing using the peak procedure in male C3H mice

et al. 2008

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“…It facilitated learning and memory in active (Banerjee 1971;Satinder 1971) and passive (Kovacs and de Wied 1978) avoidance tasks, and in radial arm (Dow-Edwards et al 2008) and water mazes (Brown et al 2000;Packard and McGaugh 1994). It decreased response (Cole and Robbins 1987) and choice (Grilly et al 1989) latencies, and in some studies of delayed discounting, amphetamine increased preference for the large, delayed reinforcers (Pitts and McKinney 2005). These effects typically occurred at the lower doses (∼0.1-1.0 mg/kg) employed in those studies, while the higher doses decreased responding and increased errors.…”

Section: D-amphetaminementioning

confidence: 90%

Mechanisms and performance measures in mastery-based incremental repeated acquisition: behavioral and pharmacological analyses

2010

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Effects of cocaine and d-amphetamine on sustained and selective attention in rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

The Pharmacological Characterization of Attentional Processes Using a Two-lever Choice Reaction Time Task in Rats.

The Pharmacological Characterization of Attentional Processes Using a Two-lever Choice Reaction Time Task in Rats.

Pharmacological manipulations of interval timing using the peak procedure in male C3H mice

Mechanisms and performance measures in mastery-based incremental repeated acquisition: behavioral and pharmacological analyses

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