Effects of Coated Sodium Butyrate and Polysaccharides From Cordyceps cicadae on Intestinal Tissue Morphology and Ileal Microbiome of Squabs

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) and polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps cicadae (CCP) on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology and ileum microbiome in squabs. A total of 420 1-day-old squabs were randomly divided into seven groups with 5 replicates each and 12 squabs per replicate. The squabs were fed basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with different levels of CSB (275, 550, and 1,100 mg/kg, groups CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100) and CCP (27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg, groups CCP-27.5, CCP-55, and CCP-110), respectively. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. The results revealed that the final BW and average daily gain concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in squabs of CSB-275 and CCP-110 groups than those in the CON group. Comparing with control group, the squabs in the groups CSB-275, CSB-550, and CCP-55 obtained higher villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) of the duodenum and higher VH of the jejunum (P < 0.05). Operational taxonomic units in the groups CSB-550 and CCP-27.5 were also increased (P < 0.05). Regarding the relative abundance of flora, the Actinobacteria abundance in the groups CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-55 were higher than in control group (P < 0.05), and the Aeriscardovia abundance of CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-110 were elevated (P < 0.05). However, the Enterococcus abundance in CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-27.5 decreased (P < 0.05). In summary, results obtained in the present study indicate that CSB and CCP can improve growth performance, intestinal microbial balance and gut health of squabs.

Dietary supplementation of coated sodium butyrate improves growth performance of laying ducks by regulating intestinal health and immunological performance

“…Due to CSB supplementation, Bacteroidetes were not required for butyrate production to maintain the normal activity of the organism, which explains the significantly lower abundance of Bacteroidetes in the group CSB compared to the control group, which is consistent with the results of our previous studies ( 67 , 68 ). Furthermore, in our previous study, we found that CSB increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in the ileum of suckling pigeons ( 12 ), which is consistent with the results of this pilot study. Actinobacteria have great economic importance owing to their secondary metabolites, which have antibiotic properties ( 69 ).…”

“…However, SB is less palatable as a feed additive due to its unpleasant odor and volatility. Coating SB in palm oil (coated sodium butyrate, CSB) improves its palatability, allowing its use as a feed additive ( 12 ). SB-supplementation is thought to improve the development ( 13 , 14 ) and morphological structure of the intestinal mucosa and regulate the growth of commensal intestinal flora.…”

Association of residual feed intake with intestinal microbiome and metabolome in laying period of ducks

“…The metabolite of Firmicutes is mainly butyric acid, including members of the Ruminococcus and Spirulina, which can promote energy absorption in the gut (Chen and Xu, 2015;Komaroff, 2017;Louis and Flint, 2017), and metabolites of the genus Bacteroides can affect the absorption of nutrients by animals (Pittayanon et al, 2019;Robles-Vera et al, 2020). Butyric acid, a key substance for colon health and integrity, is the main metabolic substrate for coliforms, providing at least 60%-70% of their energy requirements for proliferation and differentiation (Sun et al, 2022). At the genus level, the abundances of Megamonas in the group LRFI were higher than in the HRFI and the abundances of Anaerobiospirillum in the group LRFI were lower than in the HRFI.…”

Impact of diet on jejunal microbiota composition during broiler development with special focus onEnterococcus hiraeandEnterococcus faecium

“…The butyrate applied in this study is coated, which was previously found to result in the slow release of butyrate along the length of the intestinal tract [50,51]. Sun et al, 2022, has shown that coated butyrate can reduce the abundance of enterococci in the ileum microbiota of squabs [52], but this is the first time this function is demonstrated in broilers. E. hirae is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause locomotion problems, endocarditis and septicaemia in broiler chickens [53][54][55][56].…”