Effects of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis on Prostate Specific Antigen Levels Total and Free in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

Battikhi, Mohammed Nizar; Ismail, Hussein; Battikhi, Qusey

doi:10.1007/s11255-005-1662-6

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) classification, asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is defined by the presence of inflammatory cells in expressed prostatic secretions or in histological prostate specimens (biopsy or surgical) NIH category IV prostatitis [13]. It is well-known that symptomatic prostatitis raises serum PSA level [14]. In a study of 50 acute prostatitis patients, mean serum PSA level was reported as 18.09 ng/ml [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between serum prostate specific antigen levels and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between serum prostate specific antigen levels and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis

et al. 2006

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“…Potts performed prostate biopsies in 122 men with elevated PSA levels and found symptoms of prostatitis in 51 of them (42%) [19]. Among the more recent studies that used the methodologies proposed by the NIH Classification of Prostatitis, an increase in PSA was observed in only about 58% of patients with acute symptoms of bacterial prostatitis, in 15.5% with chronic bacterial prostatitis, and in 9% with chronic prostatitis type IIIb and IV according to the NIH (National Institutes of Health Classification of Prostatitis) [20]. Similarly, a number of studies highlighted the fact that the occurrence of chronic prostatitis, particularly type IIIb and IV (NIH), cannot cause a rise in PSA levels [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original Paper Inflammatory changes in biopsy specimens from patients with suspected prostate cancer

Adamczyk¹,

Wolski

Butkiewicz³

et al. 2013

CEJU

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IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in elderly men, and accounts for 30% of all newly diagnosed cases of cancer. The development of the ‘clinically insignificant’ prostate cancer into its invasive form is still unclear, and it is believed that chronic inflammation may play its role, as proposed by De Marzo in 1999. However, there is no clear opinion on the subject of existence of dependencies between changes of the inflammatory type and PCa.Material and methodsThe study involved 1,010 men, suspected of prostate cancer development by positive digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or elevated PSA value. The 10 cores, TRUS guided biopsy was performed. In those with ASAP, HG–PIN or inflammation the second biopsy was proposed.ResultsIn the first biopsy PCa was diagnosed in 336 patients (33.27%). ASAP was found in 58 (5.74%), HG–PIN in 82 (8.11%), and the coexistence of both was found in 19 (1.88%). Chronic prostatitis was diagnosed in 101 (10%) men. Of those who underwent second biopsy, PCa was diagnosed in six of 19 patients (31.57%) who were diagnosed with HG–PIN in the first biopsy, in four of 40 (10%) with BPH in the first biopsy, in four of 18 (22.22%) with ASAP or LG–PIN together with ASAP, and in two out of five (40%) with the coexistence of ASAP and HG–PIN. Malignancy was not confirmed in any of the patients in whom the diagnosis of BPH, HG–PIN, or ASAP was accompanied by chronic prostatitis.ConclusionsChronic prostatitis does not significantly increase the value of PSA in patients with benign changes (BPH). The presence of prostatitis in the first biopsy did not predict cancer in subsequent biopsy, because the second biopsy did not reveal prostate cancer in any of the patients in whom prostatitis was diagnosed in the first biopsy.

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“…[3] Less than 1% of PSA is released in the blood stream and the mechanism of PSA release from prostate to blood flow is not completely clear. [4] There are barricades such as capillary basal membrane, acinar basal membrane, and endothelial layers to prevent PSA release. Any damage to these structures may increase the PSA level in the blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of urethral catheterization on the level of prostate-specific antigen

et al. 2017

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Background:The normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in patients with urethral catheterization is a controversy. We designed this study to investigate the effect of nontraumatic urethral catheterization without urinary retention on serum PSA.Materials and Methods:Seventy patients scheduled for urethral catheterization before elective surgeries were randomly selected and included in the study. They were categorized into two age groups: 40–60 years (Group A) and over 60 years (Group B). Total PSA, PSA density, and free/total PSA were assessed before and after catheterization.Results:The PSA levels showed no statistically significant rise after urethral catheterization. The average of PSA level was 1.01 and 1.6 in A and B Groups, respectively, and changed to 1.38 and 1.80 in A and B Groups 1 day after catheterization (P > 0.05). Free/total PSA was 28.75 and 26 in A and B Groups before catheterization and changed to 28.35 and 27.5 in A and B Groups after catheterization (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Nontraumatic urethral catheterization has very little effect on PSA level and in patients with urethral catheter routine evaluation of PSA rising should be considered.

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Effects of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis on Prostate Specific Antigen Levels Total and Free in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

Abstract: These data suggested that prostatitis must be considered when interpretation of TPSA and FPSA values as tumor marker.

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

The correlation between serum prostate specific antigen levels and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis

The correlation between serum prostate specific antigen levels and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis

Original Paper Inflammatory changes in biopsy specimens from patients with suspected prostate cancer

The effect of urethral catheterization on the level of prostate-specific antigen

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