Effects of carcinogen and/or mutagen on normal and gonadotropin‐primed ovaries of mice

Ar, Rao

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910280118

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In animals, the excess secretion of gonadotropins seems to be related to the development of ovarian tumors [18] . Chemical carcinogens such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) are present in human granulosa cells, and their concentrations are 1.4-to 5.1-fold higher in stimulated cycles than in normal cycles [19] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Ovarian, Endometrial, and Cervical Histologies in a Rat Model

Özdemir

Üstündağ²,

Güven³

et al. 2005

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Objective: To examine the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on the ovarian, endometrial, and cervical histologies in a rat model. Methods: The rats (n = 40) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: CC 50 (repetitive doses of 0.2 mg CC); CC 100 (repetitive doses of 0.4 mg CC); CC 200 (repetitive doses of 0.8 mg CC), and control (repetitive doses of normal saline). Each study group received its CC dose intraperitoneally in 2 ml saline for 5 days and the controls received 2 ml saline only. Each treatment cycle was repeated six times. Six months later the rats were euthanized. Their ovaries, uterine horns, and cervices were removed and examined for histologic changes. Results: We found no significant difference in the number of follicles and corpora lutea of the study groups (p > 0.05). The numbers of granulosa, theca, and luteal cells of the CC 100 and CC 200 groups were significantly higher than those of the CC 50 group and controls (p < 0.05). There was no important finding related to pre-malign and malign changes in ovarian, endometrial and cervical samples of the control and CC 50 groups. Focal atypia and atypical mitoses were noted in 2 cases of granulosa cells in the CC 100 and CC 200 groups. Conclusion: We did not find an association between the use of CC and ovarian, endometrial, and cervical neoplasms; nevertheless, we noticed an increase in granulosa, theca and luteal cells with high doses of CC, which may be a risk factor for granulosa, theca, and luteal cell tumors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical carcinogens such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) are present in human granulosa cells, and their concentrations are 1.4-to 5.1-fold higher in stimulated cycles than in normal cycles [19] . In mice, ovarian tumors were induced by DMBA [18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Ovarian, Endometrial, and Cervical Histologies in a Rat Model

Özdemir

Üstündağ²,

Güven³

et al. 2005

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…17 Another theory is that elevated pituitary gonadotropins appear to play a role in ovarian epithelial tumorigenesis. 27,28 Persistent stimulation of the ovary by gonadotropins may have a direct carcinogenic effect, or may act in conjunction with raised concentrations of estrogens. 29 This theory is consistent with the observations that individuals with dysgenetic gonads who do not ovulate but have elevated gonadotropins are nevertheless at increased risk of ovarian cancer.…”

Section: Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovulation Induction and Ovarian Malignancy

Beltsos

Odem

1996

Semin Reprod Med

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Many couples faced with infertility are treated with ovulation inducing medicines. Recently, concerns have been raised about the possible risk of ovarian malignancy after such ovarian stimulation. Theories of pathogenesis for ovarian cancer include incessant ovulation, elevated pituitary gonadotropins, genetic predisposition, and chemical carcinogens. Protective factors include suppression of ovulation, pregnancy, and castration. Low numbers of exposed women who develop ovarian cancer make this a difficult research subject. Research to date demonstrates conflicting results, with some investigators reporting an increased risk of ovarian cancer with fertility drugs, whereas others do not. The likely magnitude of risk, if one believes a risk exists, may be two to three times that of the general population which is at most 4-5% in a woman's lifetime. The present uncertainty makes it challenging to apply this to today's practice of medicine. With continued efforts worldwide, we hope an understanding of this will be forthcoming.

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“…Pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas have repeatedly been ob served in persons exposed to asbestos or talcum powder [44,45]. On the other hand, reports rejecting a connection between talc and epithelial ovarian tumors have also appeared [46,47], Ovarian tumors have been induced in mice by the application of carcinogenic polycyclic aro matics, e.g.. 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [48], which undergoes hormone-dependent metabolism to reactive intermediates in the rat ovary [49], In vivo, the activity of this carcinogen was found to increase fivefold during stimulated cycles in human granulosa tissue compared with human granulosa cells from natural cycles [50],…”

Section: Exogenous Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian Surface Epithelium and Human Ovarian Cancer

Dietl

Marzusch²

1993

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Approximately 80–90% of adult ovarian cancers are assumed to originate from ovarian surface cells. The morphology of the ovarian surface epithelium changes constantly, exhibiting features such as crypts, inclusion cysts, villous processes and different forms of mÜllerian epithelium. The unique nature of ovarian surface features and their absence in the immediately adjacent peritoneal mesothelium suggest that local factors may play an important part in modifying the growth and morphology of the ovarian surface epithelium. Recent studies tend to emphasize oncogene activation, along with concomitant cytogenetic changes, in the development of ovarian cancer. This review focuses on the roles of exogenous and endogenous factors and ovulation in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.

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Effects of carcinogen and/or mutagen on normal and gonadotropin‐primed ovaries of mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Ovarian, Endometrial, and Cervical Histologies in a Rat Model

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Ovarian, Endometrial, and Cervical Histologies in a Rat Model

Ovulation Induction and Ovarian Malignancy

Ovarian Surface Epithelium and Human Ovarian Cancer

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