Effects of Campaign-to-User and Text-Based Interactivity in Political Candidate Campaign Web sites

Warnick, Barbara; Xenos, Michael A.; Endres, Danielle; Gastil, John

doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00253.x

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Las investigaciones previas se han centrado en examinar la interactividad en las páginas webs de partidos y candidatos (Casero-Ripollés, 2009;Warnick et al, 2005;Sundar, Kalyanaraman y Brown, 2003) pero pocas han basado sus estudios en Twitter (Lee y Shin, 2012;Parmelee y Bichard, 2011). En ambos casos, estos análisis demuestran que la interactividad aumenta en períodos de campaña electoral aunque también se incrementa la función informativa.…”

Section: Funciones De Twitter Durante Campañaunclassified

Un potencial comunicativo desaprovechado. Twitter como mecanismo generador de diálogo en campaña electoral

Alonso-Muñoz

Miquel-Segarra

Casero-Ripollés

2016

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The use of Twitter as strategic tool for political communication has increased considerably in recent years, particularly during electoral campaigns. The main goal of this paper is to examine the degree of compliance with the principles of dialogue attributed to social media. To achieve this, a quantitative content analysis was carried out on the tweets shared by the main Spanish political parties during the 2015 General Elections. The results show that although a high number of tweets were made by the four political parties during this period, none of them took advantage of the full potential of dialogue on Twitter.

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Section: Funciones De Twitter Durante Campañaunclassified

Un potencial comunicativo desaprovechado. Twitter como mecanismo generador de diálogo en campaña electoral

Alonso-Muñoz

Miquel-Segarra

Casero-Ripollés

2016

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“…The ability for moderately computersavvy individuals to create content, to comment on the content created by others, and to converse with individuals in both asynchronous and real-time forums is arguably the most distinctive and revolutionary characteristic of the Internet as a communication medium. Interactivity is heavily cited as one of the most promising aspects of the Internet in promoting democratic society (McMillan & Hwang, 2002;Stromer-Galley & Foot, 2002;Stromer-Galley, 2004;Sundar et al, 2003;Endres & Warnick, 2004;Warnick et al, 2005;Stromer-Galley & Baker, 2006;Heeter, 1989), in part because it allows for both horizontal communication between citizens and vertical communication between citizens and elites (Hacker, 1996). Interactivity online has been variously characterized, with definitions that span to include interaction with the technology itself, interaction with other people, and interaction as existing in the perceptions of the users.…”

Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Discussion Online

Stromer‐Galley

Wichowski

2011

The Handbook of Internet Studies

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In 2002, soon after the US and its allies went to war in Iraq, Nicholas Thompson wrote an opinion column for the Boston Globe on the then current state of online political conversation. The headline of Thompson's article spoke volumes about his opinion of online talk: "Freedom to Flame. Online Political Chat is an Insult to Democracy." He argued that online political conversation is "sophomoric," ranting, full of insults, and "an insult to democracy."Thompson's views likely resonate with many who have spent time engaged in online discussions of a political, social, or policy issue. In the US, as in Europe, it is a common view that online talk is far from the ideals of what political conversation should be. Instead of carefully thought out and reasonably argued positions, we see hastily written, irrational, or poorly argued posts. Instead of a willingness to hear the other side, we see a willingness to attack the other side.Why then do academics bother studying online political conversation? In the early days of Internet studies, as the Internet was diffusing, there was great optimism about what this new communication technology could offer. Specifically, the channel characteristics of the Internet -the ability to bridge vast distances, to connect diverse people together, to bring together the like-minded, and to do so quickly and relatively easy -seemed to promise a new means for people to hash through the tough problems facing communities, nation-states, and the globe.The reality, as is usually the case, is starkly different from the hope and the hype. Several studies have been conducted over the years, including some from the first author of this chapter, to help paint a picture of who spends time talking politics online, why they do it, and whether or not such conversations are any good for those who participate and for their societies. The studies provide a complex portrait of people, motives, and quality of conversation. Sometimes it looks exactly as Thompson described in his editorial piece. Sometimes, though, it is better.This chapter details that research and its significance. Before that, however, it is necessary to step back and consider why scholars should even contemplate online political conversation in the first place, and, specifically, why political talk The Handbook of Internet Studies Edited by Mia Consalvo and Charles Ess

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“…The lack of appeals to younger voters (online or off) is in large part explained by professional consultants' disregard for young voters due to their low voting rate compared with seniors. However, in light of research documenting the relationship between political participation and being asked or invited to do so in some way (Verba et al 1995;Schier 2000), as well as research on the positive effects of textual appeals made to those visiting political websites (Warnick et al 2005), the findings presented here suggest that the web has not yet realized its potential for stimulating political engagement among younger voters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

The Disconnection In Online Politics: the youth political web sphere and US election sites, 2002–2004

Xenos¹,

Bennett²

2007

Information, Communication & Society

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POLITICSThe youth political web sphere and US election sites, 2002 -2004 In recent years, candidates and other political actors have dramatically increased their presence and activities online. Although the notion of these activities reaching beyond a limited set of early-adopters is relatively new, younger citizens have long been at the forefront of new developments on the web and continue to make up a substantial proportion of those seeking political information online. Given longstanding concern over levels of civic and political engagement among young people, questions concerning what young people seeking information and opportunities for political involvement online might find there are particularly relevant. In particular, we explore political websites that are directly targeted at younger voters (e.g. Rock the Vote and similar sites), websites produced by candidates and political parties, and possible linkages between these two web spheres. Based on content and hyperlink analyses spanning the 2002 and 2004 US election cycles, we find a complex evolution of the online political information environment offered to youth. Although the youth engagement web sphere experienced dramatic growth during this time period, our data also identify a reluctance of many mainstream political actors to speak directly to young people through the web, and a surprising underdevelopment of linkages between youth politics websites and the wider web of political information online. We conclude by considering the implications of these patterns for future research on the role of new media in processes of political communication and engagement.

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Effects of Campaign-to-User and Text-Based Interactivity in Political Candidate Campaign Web sites

Cited by 67 publications

References 22 publications

Un potencial comunicativo desaprovechado. Twitter como mecanismo generador de diálogo en campaña electoral

Un potencial comunicativo desaprovechado. Twitter como mecanismo generador de diálogo en campaña electoral

Political Discussion Online

The Disconnection In Online Politics: the youth political web sphere and US election sites, 2002–2004

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