Effects of benzoic and cinnamic acids on growth, mineral composition, and chlorophyll content of soybean

Abstract

Organic acids are major water-soluble allelochemicals found in soil infested with quackgrass and are involved in several processes that are important in plant growth and development. This study was carried out to gain more information on the effects of benzoic acid (BEN) andtrans-cinnamic acid (CIN) on growth, mineral composition, and chlorophyll content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Maple Bell] grown in nutrient solution. The two allelochemicals reduced root and shoot dry biomass of soybean. Treated plants had fewer lateral roots and tended to grow more horizontally compared to the untreated plants. Lateral roots were stunted and less flexible. The amounts of P, K, Mg, Mn, Cl(-), and SO 4 (2-) were lower, and Zn and Fe contents were higher in roots of plants grown with BEN or CIN as compared to untreated plants. Shoots of plants grown with the allelochemical showed greater accumulation of Ca, Mg, and Zn, whereas P and Fe contents were reduced. The BEN and CIN also caused reductions in leaf chlorophyll content. The BEN and CIN may be responsible for negative allelopathic effects of quackgrass on soybean by inhibiting root growth, by altering ion uptake and transport, and by reducing chlorophyll content.

Positive effects of nitric oxide onSolanum lycopersicum

“…NO promoted root growth singly and in combination. BA inhibits root elongation and formation of secondary roots (Baziramakenga et al 1994). BA might have interrupted the meristematic activity of root causing impaired cell division (Vaughan & Ord 1991) or hormonal imbalance (IAA) which affected growth (Rice 1984).…”

“…Benzoic acid (BA) and its derivatives are reported in plant and soil (Rice 1984;Vaughan & Ord 1991;Baziramakenga et al 1995). BA in excess amount inhibits SG and seedling growth (Maffei et al 1999), decreases respiration and photosynthesis by inhibiting electron transport (Zhou et al 2006), affects chlorophyll biosynthesis and protein content (Baziramakenga et al 1994), and interferes with sugar metabolism and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in several crop plants (Naguib 1965;Robert et al 1982). It causes membrane damage by inducing electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation (LP) (Baziramakenga et al 1995).…”

The Allelopathic Potential of Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. into the Fodder Meadow Plants

“…The resulting anatomical and morphological distortion delaying seed germination, inhibits germinal root elongation, and lead to their dying off (Rice, 1984). Disorganisation in the functioning of cells, tissues and 259 physiological processes leads to lack of root hairs formation, lateral roots and trend of roots to the horizontal growth which are results of direct contact root with allelopathic substances (Baziramakenga et al, 1994). The morphogenetic changes are the results of influence allelopathic substances which ultimately affects the size and quality of plants (Lyu and Blum, 1990;Skrzypek et al 2015).…”

Adverse Effects of Allelopathy from Legume Crops and Its Possible Avoidance

“…Cruz et al [49] investigated the effect of allelochemicals on the P. vulgaris root where root tip cells were extruded together and that cell organization was disordered with little cell differentiation Batish et al [27] reported that the activity proteases in hypocotyl cuttings of P. aureus decreased significantly when to the caffeic acid was treated as allelochemical. Baziramakenga et al [23] studied the effects of benzoic acid and trans-cinnamic acid on growth, mineral composition, and chlorophyll content of soybean G. max grown in nutrient solution. These allelochemical showed negative effects on G. max by altering ion uptake and transport, and by reducing chlorophyll content.…”

“…Baziramakenga et al [23] studied the effects of benzoic acid and trans-cinnamic acid on growth of G. max (L.) grown in nutrient solution. The two allelochemicals reduced root and shoot dry biomass of soybean.…”