The effects of aqueous leachate of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. on germination, seedling growth, amylase activity, sugar and starch contents of germinated seeds of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Uttam) were examined. Effects of leachate on photosynthetic pigments, protein content, activities of nitrate reductase and some antioxidants were also studied. Higher concentration of aqueous leachate of N. plumbaginifolia reduced the germination rate (GR). However, final germination percentage remained almost unaffected. Lower concentration of leachate stimulated the amylase activity and resulted in higher sugar content and GR. The increasing concentrations of leachate inhibited the conversion of starch into sugars. Allelochemicals decreased the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, protein and nitrate reductase activity (NRA). The leachate of lower concentrations stimulated the activity of peroxidase but slight decrease was recorded in higher concentration. Superoxide dismutase and catalase exhibited concentration dependent increase except in seedlings treated with 100% concentration of leachate. Impairment of various metabolic activities due to leachate resulted in decreased root and shoot length.
The mechanism of crystal growth from the undercooled melt is studied experimentally for the naphthalene-adipic ac d system by means of a simple capillary technique. The microscopic observations for the 0.11 molefraction of naphthalene-adipic acid mixture indicated lamellar structure. The relationship between lamellar spacing, A, and crystallization velocity V was found to be PV = constant.Mit Hilfe einer einfachen Kapillartechnik wird am System Naphthalin-Adipinsaiure der Mechanismus des Kristallwachstums aus der unterkuhlten Schmelze experimentell untersucht. Die mikroskopischen Beobachtungen zeigen fiir die 0.1 1 Molfraktion von Naphthalin-Adipinsauremischungen eine Lamellenstruktur an. Die Beziehung zwischen den Lamellenabstiinden 2 und der Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit V wurde mit IZV = const.gefunden.
Benzoic acid (BA) and Cd exhibit cumulative effects on plants due to their accumulation in the soil. The present study reports the effects of BA an allelochemical, Cd and their combinations on seed germination, seedling growth, biochemical parameters, and response of antioxidant enzymes in Triticum aestivum L. The experiment was conducted in sand supplemented with Hoagland nutrient solution. Benzoic acid was applied at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM with or without Cd (7 mg L -1 ) to observe effects of allelochemical and Cd alone and in combination on wheat. Both stresses exhibited inhibitory effect on growth and metabolism of wheat seedlings. The allelochemical in single and combined treatments with Cd decreased seedling growth as compared to Cd stress. The two stresses significantly enhanced malondialdehyde content of wheat seedlings. The activity of other antioxidant enzymes, viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) were also recorded. SOD increased in seedlings under the two stresses. CAT more prominently ameliorates the toxic effects of H2O2 as compared with APX and POX and protected wheat seedlings from oxidative stress. Allelochemical buttressed the toxic effect of Cd on wheat seedlings.
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