Effects of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites on adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet activation and their aggregation with monocytes and neutrophils

Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in the cardioprotective effects associated with consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods. These benefits may partly be attributed to their effects on platelets, significant contributors to cardiovascular disease development. This study aimed to investigate the impact of physiologically relevant concentrations of anthocyanins and their metabolites on platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. Whole blood from seven healthy volunteers was treated with anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside at 0.1 μM concentration or gut metabolites: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, protocatechuic, vanillic, ferulic and hippuric acids at 0.5 μM, 0.2 μM, 2 μM, 1 μM, 2 μM concentration, respectively. Markers of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet activation (P-selectin and GPIIb-IIIa expression) and platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil aggregation were analyzed using flow cytometry. Cyanidin-3-arabinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and peonidin-3-glucoside decreased agonist-induced P-selectin expression, while cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside reduced platelet-neutrophil aggregation. Hippuric and protocatechuic acids inhibited P-selectin expression, ferulic acid reduced platelet-monocyte aggregation, while 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde affected P-selectin expression, platelet-neutrophil and monocyte aggregation. Only cyanidin-3-glucoside and protocatechuic acid decreased GPIIb-IIIa expression. These results demonstrate the bioactivity of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites at physiologically relevant concentrations on platelet function and interaction with leukocytes, presenting mechanisms by which they contribute to the beneficial effects of habitual consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods on cardiovascular health.

Phenolic Acids of Plant Origin—A Review on Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (O/W Emulsion Systems) Along with Their in Vivo Health Biochemical Properties

“…Interestingly, VA (at 1 µg/mL) significantly reduced DNA damage cells but at a higher concentration (2 µg/mL) exerted a genotoxic effect on DNA. On the contrary, Krga et al [142] (2018) reported that VA at 2 µM did not significantly decrease biomarkers of platelet activation development of cardiovascular diseases. Table 2.…”

Anthocyanin Effects in Reducing Platelet Hyperactivity and Thrombotic Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

“…However, several other in vivo studies have demonstrated that other sources of AC such as strawberries and Queen Garnet plum can inhibit AA-induced platelet aggregation [29,34]. P-selectin is an adhesion molecule present on the membrane of α-granules expressed to the surface only upon platelet activation by the process of exocytosis [35]. It is believed that the desensitisation of platelet activation-dependent superficial receptors by AC interferes with signal transduction, thus reducing P-selectin release of α-granule contents following platelet activation [36].…”

Plasma pharmacokinetics of (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites after ingestion of orange juice by endurance trained men

“…There are also a number of studies on the bioactivity of colon-derived phenolic catabolites that used ex vivo test systems [see [42][43][44][45][46] and the topic has been reviewed by Kay et al [1] and Williamson et al [2]. There is evidence that mixtures of catabolites, as would occur in the circulation, have additive and even synergistic effects [43,[47][48][49][50].…”