Effects of aluminum on organic acid, sugar and amino acid composition of the root system of sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>L. Moench)

Cambraia, José; Galvani, F.; Estevão, M.M.; Sant'Anna, R.

doi:10.1080/01904168309363092

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Lee & Foy (1986) também encontraram, em extratos de raízes de feijão, maiores acúmulos de ácidos na cultivar tolerante, com 52%, contra 48% na cultivar sensível. Cambraia et al (1983) também encontraram maiores acúmulos de ácidos na cultivar tolerante de sorgo, com 69%, contra 31%, na cultivar sensível. Na solução com Al, houve um decréscimo na produção de ácidos orgâni-cos em relação à solução sem Al; este decréscimo foi maior no grupo das cultivares sensíveis (interação cultivar vs Al).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A maceração de cada amostra foi feita em um gral e pistilo de porcelana, em 10 mL de etanol a 80% e mais 10 mL para a limpeza, durante 15 minutos, à temperatura ambiente do laboratório. As amostras trituradas foram guardadas em tubos de ensaio na geladeira, a 5°C, por 24 horas (Cambraia et al, 1983). O extrato foi removido do material macerado, por centrifugação a 20.000 g, durante 15 minutos, em duas extrações consecutivas.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

“…Esses ácidos bloqueiam a ação fitotóxica do Al, com a formação de quelatos, especialmente com o ácido cítrico, ao mesmo tempo que mantém uma adequada disponibilidade de P (Klimashevskii & Chernysheva, 1980;Cambraia et al, 1983;Lee & Foy, 1986;Miyasaka et al, 1991;Miyasawa et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Crescimento radicular e produção de ácidos orgânicos em cultivares de soja com diferentes tolerâncias ao alumínio

Menosso

Costa

Anghinoni

et al. 2001

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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A elucidação dos mecanismos que definem o comportamento diferencial entre genótipos de soja quanto à toxidez de Al facilita a utilização da variabilidade genética existente ou produzida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do Al no crescimento radicular, na modificação do pH da solução e no conteúdo de ácidos orgânicos em extratos de raízes de cultivares de soja tolerantes ao Al, FT-1 e FT-6 (Veneza) e sensíveis, IAC-13 e Paraná. As plantas cresceram por nove dias em solução contendo 50 mg L-1 de Ca e 0,0 e 0,2 mg L-1 de Al, com pH inicial de 4,76. Houve maior crescimento de raízes nas cultivares tolerantes e não houve alterações do pH da solução relacionadas à tolerância das cultivares ao alumínio. A presença do Al reduziu o conteúdo dos ácidos cítrico, lático, succínico, oxálico e málico, em ambos os grupos de cultivares avaliados, porém com maior redução no grupo das cultivares sensíveis. O ácido cítrico foi encontrado em maior quantidade nas cultivares tolerantes. A capacidade das cultivares de soja FT-1 e FT-6 (Veneza) de alterar o conteúdo de ácidos orgânicos não-voláteis, principalmente o ácido cítrico, que pode complexar o Al, indica que este mecanismo pode ser muito importante para a tolerância a esse elemento.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Methodsunclassified

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Crescimento radicular e produção de ácidos orgânicos em cultivares de soja com diferentes tolerâncias ao alumínio

Menosso

Costa

Anghinoni

et al. 2001

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…The following organic acids were able to protect calmodulin from the deleterious effects of Al in the order: citric > oxalic > malic > tartaric (26,27). These results demonstrate that organic acids could protect enzyme activity internally in the plant from the deleterious effect of Al. Evidence of internal detoxification by organic acids was presented by Cambraia et al (5), who showed that the overall response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) roots to Al was an increase in organic acid content. Moreover, the roots of the Al-tolerant sorghum cultivar contained higher levels of organic acids, particularly t-aconitic and malic acids, than did the Al-sensitive cultivar (5).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…These results demonstrate that organic acids could protect enzyme activity internally in the plant from the deleterious effect of Al. Evidence of internal detoxification by organic acids was presented by Cambraia et al (5), who showed that the overall response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) roots to Al was an increase in organic acid content. Moreover, the roots of the Al-tolerant sorghum cultivar contained higher levels of organic acids, particularly t-aconitic and malic acids, than did the Al-sensitive cultivar (5). However, in the roots of snapbeans, the overall response to Al was a reduction in organic acid contents, although the Al-tolerant snapbean cultivar maintained a higher level of organic acids than did the Alsensitive cultivar (20).…”

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confidence: 98%

Mechanism of Aluminum Tolerance in Snapbeans

Miyasaka¹,

Buta²,

Howell³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

406

217

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One proposed mechanism of aluminum (Al) tolerance in plants is the release of an Al-chelating compound into the rhizosphere. In this experiment, two cultivars of snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. "Romano" and "Dade") that differ in Al tolerance were grown hydroponically with and without Al under aseptic conditions. After growth in nutrient solutions for 8 days, aliphatic and phenolic organic acids were analyzed in the culture solutions with an ion chromatograph and a high pressure liquid chromatograph. The tolerant snapbean, "Dade", when exposed to Al, exuded citric acid into the rhizosphere in a concentration that was 70 times as great as that of "Dade" grown without Al, and 10 times as great as that of "Romano" grown with or without Al. The sensitive cultivar, "Romano", exuded only slightly more citric acid into the growing medium under Al-stress, compared to nonstressed conditions. Citric acid is known to chelate Al strongly and to reverse its phytotoxic effects. Also, citric acid has been shown previously to enhance the availability of phosphorus (P) from insoluble Al phosphates. Thus, one mechanism of Al-tolerance in snapbeans appears to be the exudation of citric acid into the rhizosphere, induced either by toxic levels of Al or by low P due to the precipitation of insoluble Al phosphates. Our experiment was not able to distinguish between these two factors; however, tolerance to both primary and secondary Al-stress injuries are important for plants growing in Al-toxic soils.Al toxicity is a major factor limiting plant growth in strongly acid soils (8,9). Liming is used to correct this problem in the plow layer; however, amendment of acid subsoils is not feasible economically (9). Moreover, acid soils are found often in the tropics and subtropics, where resource-poor farmers are not able to afford such a high-input solution (14).An alternative, low-input solution to this problem is to utilize the crop plant's genetic potential for tolerance to Al stress (9). Plant species and cultivars within species vary widely in their resistance to Al injury, and some of these differences are heritable (9 One hypothesized mechanism of Al tolerance is the chelation and detoxification of Al by organic acids, either within the plant (internal tolerance) or in the rhizosphere (exclusion) (8,9,30). Organic acids have been reported to chelate Al and to ameliorate its phytotoxic effects (8, 9, 30). Hue et al. (15) showed that the addition of citric, oxalic, and tartaric acids to the hydroponic solution alleviated the inhibitory effect of Al on root extension of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Similarly, Bartlett and Riego (3) found that Al complexed by citric acid or EDTA did not reduce root and shoot growth of corn plants (Zea mays L.), as did ionic Al. In these studies, the organic acids could have detoxified Al either externally in the rhizosphere or internally after absorption by plant roots.Suhayda and Haug (26)(27)(28) found in vitro that organic acids reversed the Al-induced conformational change in the regulato...

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Aluminium‐Toleranz von Ackerbohne (Vicia faba), Lupine (Lupinus luteus), Gerste (Hordeum vulgare) und Roggen (Secale cereale). II. Mineralstoffgehalte in Sproß und Wurzeln in Abhängigkeit vom Aluminium‐Angebot

Horst¹,

Göppel²

1986

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

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Die Hemmung des Längenwachstums der Keimwurzeln durch Al in Wasserkultur ergab folgende Abstufung in der Al‐Toleranz: Gelbe Lupine (Lupinus luteus „Schwako”︁) ⩾ Roggen (Secale cereale „Kustro”︁) « Ackerbohne (Vicia faba „Herz Freya”︁) > Gerste (Hordeum vulgare „Roland”︁). Für die höhere Al‐Toleranz von Lupine und Roggen ist nicht ein Ausschluß von Al von der Aufnahme durch Inaktivierung außerhalb der Wurzeln verantwortlich, da bei vergleichbarer leichter Hemmung des Wurzellängenwachstums durch Al die Wurzeln und die Wurzelspitzen (5 mm) deutlich höhere Al‐Gehalte aufwiesen als bei Gerste und Ackerbohne. Zwischen den Pflanzenarten traten z. Teil erhebliche Unterschiede in den Nährstoffgehalten der Wurzeln auf: höhere Ca‐Gehalte bei Ackerbohne und Roggen, höhere Mg‐Gehalte bei Lupine und Roggen, höhere P‐Gehalte bei Lupine. Al‐Angebot führte bei allen Pflanzenarten zu einer Abnahme der Gehalte an Ca und Mg (Ca > Mg) in Sproß und Wurzeln. Die P‐Gehalte waren auf sehr hohem Niveau nur wenig beeinflußt. Die Nährstoffgehalte in den Wurzelspitzen ergaben keinen Hinweis darauf, daß die Induktion von Nährstoffmangel kausal für die hemmende Wirkung von Al auf das Wurzellängenwachstum und die Pflanzenart‐spezifische hohe Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Al verantwortlich ist. Die großen Unterschiede in den Ca‐, Mg‐ und P‐Gehalten der Wurzeln zwischen den beiden Al‐toleranten Pflanzenarten Roggen und Lupine lassen es wenig wahrscheinlich erscheinen, daß der Al‐Toleranz ein gemeinsames physiologisches Prinzip zugrundeliegt.

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Effects of aluminum on organic acid, sugar and amino acid composition of the root system of sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL. Moench)

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Crescimento radicular e produção de ácidos orgânicos em cultivares de soja com diferentes tolerâncias ao alumínio

Crescimento radicular e produção de ácidos orgânicos em cultivares de soja com diferentes tolerâncias ao alumínio

Mechanism of Aluminum Tolerance in Snapbeans

Aluminium‐Toleranz von Ackerbohne (Vicia faba), Lupine (Lupinus luteus), Gerste (Hordeum vulgare) und Roggen (Secale cereale). II. Mineralstoffgehalte in Sproß und Wurzeln in Abhängigkeit vom Aluminium‐Angebot

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