Abstract:Hot deformation behavior of Cu-Ni-Si and Cu-Ni-Si-Ag alloys is investigated using the Gleeble-1500D simulator in the 600-800 C deformation temperature and 0.01-5 s À1 strain rate ranges. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism is a feature of high temperature flow stress-strain curves of the alloy. Microstructure is observed by optical microscopy. Ag addition can refine the grains and accelerate dynamic recrystallization. Characteristic points of the flow stress curves, including critical strain for DRX init… Show more
“…At point II, it is followed by solidification of the Cu + Ni + Si eutectic. After analysis of the results using light microscopy, the presence of small, elongated Ni 2 Si intermetallic phases on the α phase boundaries can probably be observed ( Figure 3 a and Figure 4 , Table 2 ), as well as confirmed by X-ray examinations ( Figure 5 ) [ 1 , 2 , 6 , 7 , 22 ].…”
The influence of the mass concentration of Ag on properties of Cu-Ni alloys is investigated. The effect of silver addition on the structure and properties of Cu-2Ni-1Si alloys is determined. The scientific aim of this research is to determine how the addition of silver affects the mechanisms of strengthening silver-modified supersaturated, deformed, and aged Cu-2Ni-1Si alloys. The applied thermo-derivative analysis has allowed us to determine a range of the temperature values for the beginning and the end of crystallization, the phases and eutectics, and the effects of the modification on the solid fraction of the solidified alloy. In addition to the crystallization kinetics, the microstructure morphology, mechanical properties under real operating conditions, and the electrical conductivity have also been investigated. Moreover, the conducted research includes the impact of heat treatment and plastic deformation on the alloy structure and considers the type, share, and distribution of the intermetallic phases and structural stresses caused by coherent phases, as well as the effect of dislocations in the reinforcing phases during aging. Electron microscopy (SEM), micro-area analysis (EDS), optical microscopy, hardness measurements, and conductivity of the tested alloys are utilized to comment on these properties.
“…At point II, it is followed by solidification of the Cu + Ni + Si eutectic. After analysis of the results using light microscopy, the presence of small, elongated Ni 2 Si intermetallic phases on the α phase boundaries can probably be observed ( Figure 3 a and Figure 4 , Table 2 ), as well as confirmed by X-ray examinations ( Figure 5 ) [ 1 , 2 , 6 , 7 , 22 ].…”
The influence of the mass concentration of Ag on properties of Cu-Ni alloys is investigated. The effect of silver addition on the structure and properties of Cu-2Ni-1Si alloys is determined. The scientific aim of this research is to determine how the addition of silver affects the mechanisms of strengthening silver-modified supersaturated, deformed, and aged Cu-2Ni-1Si alloys. The applied thermo-derivative analysis has allowed us to determine a range of the temperature values for the beginning and the end of crystallization, the phases and eutectics, and the effects of the modification on the solid fraction of the solidified alloy. In addition to the crystallization kinetics, the microstructure morphology, mechanical properties under real operating conditions, and the electrical conductivity have also been investigated. Moreover, the conducted research includes the impact of heat treatment and plastic deformation on the alloy structure and considers the type, share, and distribution of the intermetallic phases and structural stresses caused by coherent phases, as well as the effect of dislocations in the reinforcing phases during aging. Electron microscopy (SEM), micro-area analysis (EDS), optical microscopy, hardness measurements, and conductivity of the tested alloys are utilized to comment on these properties.
“…The hot deformed 760 • C shows smaller grains compared to the reference Cu-Ni-Si alloy [13]. This can contribute to improving the strength after hot deformation according to the Hall-Petch relationship.…”
Section: The True Stress-true Strain Curvementioning
confidence: 88%
“…The softening effect derived from the appearance of dynamic recovery and recrystallization is less than the hardening effect derived from the increase in dislocation density during the deformation process. Compared to the Cu-Ni-Si alloy [13], the addition of Co to the Cu-Ni-Si alloy can restrain dynamic recovery and recrystallization during the hot deformation. The flow stress of the Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloy is much higher than that of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy when the temperature range is 760 to 790 • C and the strain rate is 0.1 to 1 s −1 .…”
Section: The True Stress-true Strain Curvementioning
The Cu-1.7Ni-1.4Co-0.65Si (wt%) alloy is hot compressed by a Gleeble-1500D machine under a temperature range of 760 to 970 °C and a strain rate range of 0.01 to 10 s−1. The flow stress increases with the extension of strain rate and decreases with the rising of deformation temperature. The dynamic recrystallization behavior happens during the hot compression deformation process. The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy can be calculated as 468.5 kJ/mol, and the high temperature deformation constitutive equation is confirmed. The hot processing map of the alloy is established on the basis of hot deformation behavior and hot working characteristics. With the optimal thermal deformation conditions of 940 to 970 °C and 0.01 to 10 s−1, the fine equiaxed grain and no holes are found in the matrix, which can provide significant guidance for hot deformation processing technology of Cu–Ni–Co–Si alloy.
“…According to the dynamic material model, the thermally deformable material can be regarded as a closed system and a deformation dissipater. When the temperature and strain rate is constant, the relationship between plastic deformation dissipation G and recrystallisation dissipation J can be expressed by formula (11) [19,20]:…”
Section: Hot Processing Map Of Cu-65fe-03mg Alloymentioning
The hot deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution of the Cu–6.5Fe–0.3Mg alloy were explored. The optimum hot working temperature of the alloy was 950°C and the strain rate was 10 s−1. The alloy underwent dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) behaviour during hot compression. The density of the Fe phase particles increased significantly, and they were all aligned along the vertical compression direction. The α-Fe phase transformed to γ-Fe phase at 950°C. A large amount of α-Fe and γ-Fe phases effectively inhibited the DRX behaviour of the Cu–6.5Fe–0.3Mg alloy and significantly improved its thermal stability. The research on the hot deformation behaviour of the Cu–6.5Fe–X alloys had a theoretical guiding role in determining its hot working process. Highlights The optimal hot deformation process of Cu–6.5Fe–0.3Mg alloy was clarified. Constitutive equations and thermal working diagrams of the alloys are constructed Thermal deformation significantly increases Fe particle density, optimising its distribution. the transformation of α-Fe phase to γ-Fe phase during the hot compression at 950°C. The increasing in Fe phase significantly inhibits the dynamic recrystallization of the alloy.
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