Displays are basic building blocks of modern electronics 1,2. Integrating displays into textiles 17 offers exciting opportunities for smart electronic textiles-the ultimate form of wearables 18 poised to change the way we interact with electronic devices 3-6. Display textiles serve to bridge human-machine interactions 7-9 , offering for instance, a real-time communication tool for individuals with voice or speech disorders. Electronic textiles capable of communicating 10 , sensing 11,12 and supplying electricity 13,14 have been reported previously. However, textiles 22 with functional, large-area displays have not been achieved so far because obtaining small illuminating units that are both durable and easy to assemble over a wide area is challenging. Here, we report a 6 m (L) × 25 cm (W) display textile containing 5×10 5 electroluminescent (EL) units narrowly spaced to ~800 μm. Weaving conductive weft and luminescent warp fibres forms micron-scale EL units at the weft-warp contact points. Brightness between EL units deviates by < 6.3% and remains stable even when the textile is bent, stretched or pressed. We attribute this uniform and stable lighting to the smooth luminescent coating around the 2 warp fibres and homogenous electric field distribution at the contact points. Our display textile is flexible and breathable and withstands repeatable machine-washing, making them suitable for practical applications. We show an integrated textile system consisting of display, 32 keyboard and power supply can serve as a communication tool, which could potentially drive 33 the Internet of Things in various areas including healthcare. Our approach unifies the 34 fabrication and function of electronic devices with textiles, and we expect weaving fibre 35 materials to shape the next-generation electronics.

The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901971. (2 of 25)www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com energy and then deliver it to power other electronic devices whenever we want. The existing fiber-shaped energy storage devices include the supercapacitor, [15] the lithium (Li)-ion battery, [16] the lithium-sulfur battery, [17] the lithium-air battery, [18] the zinc-air battery, [19] the aluminum-air battery, [20] the sodiumion battery, [21] the zinc-ion battery, [22] and the silver-zinc battery. [23] Among them, the supercapacitor has been reported mostly due to the easy fabrication, and lithium-ion battery has laid the foundation for the development of other fiber-shaped batteries, which are thus discussed mainly in this review. 3) Light-emitting devices have been developed for various applications such as display, illumination, and photo therapy. According to the working mechanisms, there are electroluminescence, [24] mechanoluminescence, [25] photoluminescence, [26] thermoluminescence, [27] sonoluminescence, [28] and chemiluminescence. [29] Among these, fiber-shaped electroluminescent devices have been developed extensively due to their good controllability, driven by direct current (DC) [30] or alternating current (AC) [31] electrical method, which are expounded mainly later. 4) Fibershaped sensors have found great potentials in the field of wearable medical devices for fitness monitoring and medical diagnostics especially as aging populations grow. By virtue of the 1D structure, fiber-shaped sensors can be implanted into the body with little injure or they can detect multiple signals simultaneously after integration into a tiny unit. [32] Fiber-shaped sensors generally work via physical processes on the basis of conducting fiber [33] and optical fiber, [34] and chemical processes based on chemical ligand. [35] Thereinto, fiber optic sensors have already been used in petrochemical, electric power, medical, civil engineering, etc. The detailed discussions about the above three fiber-shaped sensors are presented in the later section.Despite the great progress made in fiber and textile electronics, we have to realize that most of the research results are far from practical applications due to several existing obstacles. The performances of fiber-shaped electronic devices are not good enough to attract investors. For instance, although fiber-shaped solar cells have achieved a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10%, [36] this value falls far below the certified efficiency of 24.2% for planar solar cells. [37] Besides, fiber-shaped electronic devices often decay in performance further as their lengths increase. Apart from low performances, scalable fabrication is another hard nut to crack if fiber-shaped electronic devices are to be commercialized. For one thing, researchers usually can only realize fiber-shaped electronic devices with the lengths from several to hundreds of millimeters at present owing to the absence of appropr...

For various applications, it is challenging but essential to obtain complex tunable mechanical actuations in response to environmental stimuli. Here, a general and effective strategy is developed to produce multiple types of photomechanical actuation (from phototropic/apheliotropic bending to three-dimensional helical buckling) by manipulating the orientation of one-dimensional nanomaterials. These materials are manipulated to mimic plants that generate diverse mechanical motions through the orientation of cellulose fibrils. The photomechanical actuations can be completed in milliseconds and can be performed reversibly without detectable fatigue after 100 000 cycles. This capacity to produce multiple types of photomechanical actuation is further developed to produce complex integrated movements, as demonstrated by a light-manipulated robotic arm and a solar energy harvesting system.

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Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are attractive because of their inherent safety, low cost, and high energy density. However, viable cathode materials (such as vanadium oxides) suffer from strong Coulombic ion–lattice interactions with divalent Zn2+, thereby limiting stability when cycled at a high charge/discharge depth with high capacity. A synthetic strategy is reported for an oxygen‐deficient vanadium oxide cathode in which facilitated Zn2+ reaction kinetic enhance capacity and Zn2+ pathways for high reversibility. The benefits for the robust cathode are evident in its performance metrics; the aqueous Zn battery shows an unprecedented stability over 200 cycles with a high specific capacity of approximately 400 mAh g−1, achieving 95 % utilization of its theoretical capacity, and a long cycle life up to 2 000 cycles at a high cathode utilization efficiency of 67 %. This work opens up a new avenue for synthesis of novel cathode materials with an oxygen‐deficient structure for use in advanced batteries.

Toward smart building and smart home, floor as one of our most frequently interactive interfaces can be implemented with embedded sensors to extract abundant sensory information without the video-taken concerns. Yet the previously developed floor sensors are normally of small scale, high implementation cost, large power consumption, and complicated device configuration. Here we show a smart floor monitoring system through the integration of self-powered triboelectric floor mats and deep learning-based data analytics. The floor mats are fabricated with unique “identity” electrode patterns using a low-cost and highly scalable screen printing technique, enabling a parallel connection to reduce the system complexity and the deep-learning computational cost. The stepping position, activity status, and identity information can be determined according to the instant sensory data analytics. This developed smart floor technology can establish the foundation using floor as the functional interface for diverse applications in smart building/home, e.g., intelligent automation, healthcare, and security.

The promise of cell therapy for repair and restoration of damaged tissues or organs relies on administration of large dose of cells whose healing benefits are still limited and sometimes irreproducible due to uncontrollable cell loss and death at lesion sites. Using a large amount of therapeutic cells increases the costs for cell processing and the risks of side effects. Optimal cell delivery strategies are therefore in urgent need to enhance the specificity, efficacy, and reproducibility of cell therapy leading to minimized cell dosage and side effects. Here, we addressed this unmet need by developing injectable 3D microscale cellular niches (microniches) based on biodegradable gelatin microcryogels (GMs). The microniches are constituted by in vitro priming human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded within GMs resulting in tissue-like ensembles with enriched extracellular matrices and enhanced cell-cell interactions. The primed 3D microniches facilitated cell protection from mechanical insults during injection and in vivo cell retention, survival, and ultimate therapeutic functions in treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in mouse models compared with free cell-based therapy. In particular, 3D microniche-based therapy with 10 5 hMSCs realized better ischemic limb salvage than treatment with 10 6 freeinjected hMSCs, the minimum dosage with therapeutic effects for treating CLI in literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first convincing demonstration of injectable and primed cell delivery strategy realizing superior therapeutic efficacy for treating CLI with the lowest cell dosage in mouse models. This study offers a widely applicable cell delivery platform technology to boost the healing power of cell regenerative therapy.C ell-based regenerative therapy holds great promise for repair and restoration of damaged tissues or organs with numerous clinical trials and preclinical animal testing reported for treating complex diseases (1). Common route of cell administration for clinical cell therapy is based on either systematic administration (e.g., i.v. infusion), relying on cells homing to the lesion sites (2), or direct injection of cells into the damaged tissues (3). However, therapeutic benefits of the administered cells are still limited and sometimes irreproducible due to cell loss and cell death (4). Taking cell therapy for ischemic heart diseases as an example, only ∼5% of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) survived after being transplanted into an infarcted porcine heart (5). Mechanical damage during injection, high rate of cell loss and leakage to surrounding tissues, cell death due to lack of appropriate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the ischemic and inflammatory lesion tissues could all contribute to poor cell retention, survival, functionality, and reproducibility of the treatment (6, 7).A rational solution to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reproducibility of cell therapy is to administer a large dose of cells to ensure sufficient number of functional cells ...

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are activated in a TCR-dependent manner by antigens derived from the riboflavin synthesis pathway, including 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), bound to MHC-related protein-1 (MR1). However, MAIT cell activation in vivo has not been studied in detail. Here, we have found and characterized additional molecular signals required for optimal activation and expansion of MAIT cells after pulmonary Legionella or Salmonella infection in mice. We show that either bone marrow–derived APCs or non–bone marrow–derived cells can activate MAIT cells in vivo, depending on the pathogen. Optimal MAIT cell activation in vivo requires signaling through the inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), which is highly expressed on MAIT cells. Subsequent expansion and maintenance of MAIT-17/1-type responses are dependent on IL-23. Vaccination with IL-23 plus 5-OP-RU augments MAIT cell–mediated control of pulmonary Legionella infection. These findings reveal cellular and molecular targets for manipulating MAIT cell function under physiological conditions.