Displays are basic building blocks of modern electronics 1,2. Integrating displays into textiles 17 offers exciting opportunities for smart electronic textiles-the ultimate form of wearables 18 poised to change the way we interact with electronic devices 3-6. Display textiles serve to bridge human-machine interactions 7-9 , offering for instance, a real-time communication tool for individuals with voice or speech disorders. Electronic textiles capable of communicating 10 , sensing 11,12 and supplying electricity 13,14 have been reported previously. However, textiles 22 with functional, large-area displays have not been achieved so far because obtaining small illuminating units that are both durable and easy to assemble over a wide area is challenging. Here, we report a 6 m (L) × 25 cm (W) display textile containing 5×10 5 electroluminescent (EL) units narrowly spaced to ~800 μm. Weaving conductive weft and luminescent warp fibres forms micron-scale EL units at the weft-warp contact points. Brightness between EL units deviates by < 6.3% and remains stable even when the textile is bent, stretched or pressed. We attribute this uniform and stable lighting to the smooth luminescent coating around the 2 warp fibres and homogenous electric field distribution at the contact points. Our display textile is flexible and breathable and withstands repeatable machine-washing, making them suitable for practical applications. We show an integrated textile system consisting of display, 32 keyboard and power supply can serve as a communication tool, which could potentially drive 33 the Internet of Things in various areas including healthcare. Our approach unifies the 34 fabrication and function of electronic devices with textiles, and we expect weaving fibre 35 materials to shape the next-generation electronics.
The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901971. (2 of 25)www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com energy and then deliver it to power other electronic devices whenever we want. The existing fiber-shaped energy storage devices include the supercapacitor, [15] the lithium (Li)-ion battery, [16] the lithium-sulfur battery, [17] the lithium-air battery, [18] the zinc-air battery, [19] the aluminum-air battery, [20] the sodiumion battery, [21] the zinc-ion battery, [22] and the silver-zinc battery. [23] Among them, the supercapacitor has been reported mostly due to the easy fabrication, and lithium-ion battery has laid the foundation for the development of other fiber-shaped batteries, which are thus discussed mainly in this review. 3) Light-emitting devices have been developed for various applications such as display, illumination, and photo therapy. According to the working mechanisms, there are electroluminescence, [24] mechanoluminescence, [25] photoluminescence, [26] thermoluminescence, [27] sonoluminescence, [28] and chemiluminescence. [29] Among these, fiber-shaped electroluminescent devices have been developed extensively due to their good controllability, driven by direct current (DC) [30] or alternating current (AC) [31] electrical method, which are expounded mainly later. 4) Fibershaped sensors have found great potentials in the field of wearable medical devices for fitness monitoring and medical diagnostics especially as aging populations grow. By virtue of the 1D structure, fiber-shaped sensors can be implanted into the body with little injure or they can detect multiple signals simultaneously after integration into a tiny unit. [32] Fiber-shaped sensors generally work via physical processes on the basis of conducting fiber [33] and optical fiber, [34] and chemical processes based on chemical ligand. [35] Thereinto, fiber optic sensors have already been used in petrochemical, electric power, medical, civil engineering, etc. The detailed discussions about the above three fiber-shaped sensors are presented in the later section.Despite the great progress made in fiber and textile electronics, we have to realize that most of the research results are far from practical applications due to several existing obstacles. The performances of fiber-shaped electronic devices are not good enough to attract investors. For instance, although fiber-shaped solar cells have achieved a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10%, [36] this value falls far below the certified efficiency of 24.2% for planar solar cells. [37] Besides, fiber-shaped electronic devices often decay in performance further as their lengths increase. Apart from low performances, scalable fabrication is another hard nut to crack if fiber-shaped electronic devices are to be commercialized. For one thing, researchers usually can only realize fiber-shaped electronic devices with the lengths from several to hundreds of millimeters at present owing to the absence of appropr...
Textile displays are poised to revolutionize current electronic devices, and reshape the future of electronics and related fields such as biomedicine and soft robotics. However, they remain unavailable due to the difficulty of directly constructing electroluminescent devices onto the textile-like substrate to really display desired programmable patterns. Here, a novel textile display is developed from continuous electroluminescent fibers made by a one-step extrusion process. The resulting displaying textile is flexible, stretchable, three-dimensionally twistable, conformable to arbitrarily curved skins, and breathable, and can dynamically display a series of desired patterns, making it useful for bioinspired electronics, soft robotics, and electroluminescent skins, among other applications. It is demonstrated that these displaying textiles can also communicate with a computer and mouse brain for smart display and camouflage applications. This work may open up a new direction for the integration of wearable electroluminescent devices with the human body, providing new and promising communication platforms.
Reversibility of an electrode reaction is important for energy-efficient rechargeable batteries with a long battery life. Additional oxygen-redox reactions have become an intensive area of research to achieve a larger specific capacity of the positive electrode materials. However, most oxygen-redox electrodes exhibit a large voltage hysteresis >0.5 V upon charge/discharge, and hence possess unacceptably poor energy efficiency. The hysteresis is thought to originate from the formation of peroxide-like O22− dimers during the oxygen-redox reaction. Therefore, avoiding O-O dimer formation is an essential challenge to overcome. Here, we focus on Na2-xMn3O7, which we recently identified to exhibit a large reversible oxygen-redox capacity with an extremely small polarization of 0.04 V. Using spectroscopic and magnetic measurements, the existence of stable O−• was identified in Na2-xMn3O7. Computations reveal that O−• is thermodynamically favorable over the peroxide-like O22− dimer as a result of hole stabilization through a (σ + π) multiorbital Mn-O bond.
A flexible, stretchable and breathable strip-shaped resistive heater textile is designed to demonstrate rapid thermal response and high stability.
Nonbonding oxygen 2p orbitals during oxygen-redox reaction are monitored using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS).
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