Effects of Aerobic Conditioning and Strength Training on a Child with Down Syndrome: A Case Study

Lewis, Cynthia L.; Fragala-Pinkham, Maria

doi:10.1097/01.pep.0000154185.55735.a0

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The strong correlation between muscle strength and VO 2 peak suggest that a combined strength training and aerobic conditioning program would be more effective in enhancing cardiovascular function in individuals with DS than aerobic training alone. This was confirmed by Lewis et al (2005) and Rimmer et al (2004) who found significant improvements in work capacity and cardiopulmonary function in DS individuals after a combined aerobic and resistance program.…”

Section: Strength Trainingsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Thus, skeletal muscle weakness may be an important contributing factor to the lower oxygen consumption during maximal treadmill and cycle exercises observed in individuals with DS (Lewis et al, 2005). Furthermore, muscular fatigue may occur before the cardiovascular system is maximally stressed, although a treadmill/cycle test is designed to examine the maximal performance of the cardiovascular system rather than the skeletal muscle system.…”

Section: Strength Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Musculoskeletal problems, such as poor muscle tone (muscle hypotonicity), joint hypermobility and ligamentous laxity are frequently encountered (Lewis et al, 2005). All these conditions have the potential to negatively affect the balance ability of DS adults.…”

Section: B Causes and Characteristics Of Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DS individuals also have a greater risk of developing leukaemia and bowel defects requiring surgery, as well as respiratory infections (Winnick, 2005). Other common clinical symptoms include orthopaedic, neurological, cognitive, hormonal and visual-perceptual impairments (Lewis et al, 2005).…”

Section: B Causes and Characteristics Of Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some will develop side effects that result in a decrease in cognitive function causing many DS adults to be misdiagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Smith, 2001). Signs of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps or muscle aches, weight gain, or difficulty losing weight, cold intolerance, depression, irritability, and memory loss (Lewis et al, 2005).…”

Section: B Causes and Characteristics Of Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The functional fitness capacity of adults with Down syndrome in South Africa

Terblanche

Boer

2012

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background It is well established that there is a relationship between physical inactivity and increased risk for diseases of lifestyle. Persons with Down syndrome (DS) are especially at risk because of physical and health impairments, as well as perceived and real barriers to participation in exercise. The purpose of the study was to establish the functional fitness capacity and predictors of performance of DS adults. Methods Data were collected at various intellectual disability centres and private homes in seven provinces of South Africa. Three hundred and seventy‐one DS individuals (199 men and 172 women) from 18 to 66 years were tested for balance, flexibility, coordination, muscular strength and endurance, aerobic capacity and functional ability. Data were categorised according to gender and age groups (18–25, 26–35, 36–45, and >45 years). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the functional task and physical test items. Results Down syndrome men performed significantly better on all but two tests compared with the women (P < 0.05). DS women performed better on the sit‐and‐reach flexibility item and the chair stand test; however, differences were not statistically significant from the men. Significant differences across age groups were observed for nine of the 13 functional fitness tests (P < 0.05). Muscular strength items, especially leg strength, significantly predicted functional performance in DS men and women. Aerobic capacity only predicted functional performance in DS men and sit‐and‐reach flexibility and dynamic balance only in DS women. Conclusions Findings of this study provide important information on the functional capacity of DS adults and show which physical attributes contribute to functional performance. Consequently appropriate training programmes can be tailored for this population whom is known to have poor functional fitness.

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Section: Strength Trainingsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Strength Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Causes and Characteristics Of Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Causes and Characteristics Of Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Causes and Characteristics Of Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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