Effects of a low-energy diet associated with egg supplementation on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels in normal subjects: results of a cross-over study

Abstract

1. The influence of a low-energy diet when associated with high-cholesterol intake was investigated in seventeen normal men during an 8-week cross-over study. The subjects were given a daily supplement of two whole eggs and two egg yolks (approximately 1 g cholesterol) either with their usual diet for 4 weeks or with a low-energy diet for 4 weeks. Each subject took part randomly in both dietary periods.2. During the first part of the study, no changes occurred in the plasma cholesterol of the subjects with egg supplementation of the usual diet. 3.In contrast, the low-energy diet and associated weight loss markedly decreased the tolerance to highcholesterol intake resulting in increased plasma cholesterol. The mean rise was 22.7% but with wide individual variations in the response. This was almost completely normalized when the subjects returned to their usual energy intake indicating the involvement of weight reduction in the increase observed.4. Changes in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were parallel to those of total plasma cholesterol with an increase following the low-energy diet and normalization after body-weight recovery.5. The opposite effect was shown with the low-energy diet after previous adaptation to the consumption of four eggs per day. This dietary regimen resulted in a decrease in plasma cholesterol although it was not significant. Moreover, the lipoprotein profile was improved with a decrease in very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and an increase in high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.6. High-cholesterol intake induced significant changes in lipoprotein composition whatever the energy ration. LDL and HDL were enriched in cholesterol esters as early as the 1st month of egg supplementation of the diet.7. Taken together, the results emphasize the possible adverse effect of slimming diets when associated with high-cholesterol intake. The existence of ' high-responders' to these dietary conditions calls for special attention to be paid to the cholesterol content of restricted diets.

Lipoprotein metabolism in patients with anorexia nervosa: a case–control study investigating the mechanisms leading to hypercholesterolaemia

“…Increases in total Chol and LDL-Chol are seen when highfat diets are given to dieters or to subjects on low-fat diets (Stone, 1994). This could be due to a markedly decreased tolerance to high Chol intake (Lacombe et al 1986). We suggest that the periods of binging in our AN-B patients contributed, in addition to the mobilisation of Chol from peripheral tissues, to the higher LDL-Chol levels.…”

A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. The Adventist Health Study

“…The analysis was based on person-time incidence rates. For all subjects, person-months at risk were computed after the return of the life-styles questionnaire until an end point, death, unavailability for follow-up, or end of the study (December 31,1982). Where possible, three or more categories of exposure were examined to detect dose-response gradients between a dietary exposure and CHD end points.…”

Doenças cardiovasculares ateroscleróticas, dislipidemias, hipertensão, obesidade e diabetes melito em população da área metropolitana da região sudeste do Brasil: I - Metodologia da pesquisa

“…No Município de São Paulo, a proporção de mortes por essas causas, foi de 37% 32 . Numerosos estudos demonstraram que na etiologia dessas doenças encontram-se fatores, cujas origens podem estar vinculadas às seguintes características: a) genéticas -propensão que o indivíduo já traz ao nascer, como herança familiar; b)-estilo de vida e qualidade de vida -modos de viver que conduzem a práticas, hábitos, pressões e desgaste físico-psicológico, que se constituem em fatores de risco, tais como tabagismo 36,47 , etilismo 6,8,11,13,15,17,23,47 , alimentação inadequada 1,3,7,18,19,20,21,22,25,26,33,35,37,39,41,45,46 , sedentarismo 31 , estresse físico e psicológico 12 e, entre as mulheres, uso de contraceptivos 9,31 . Devido à importância do tema, dada à crescente participação deste indicador de mortalidade na estatística vital, e à escassez de estudos pertinentes realizados no Brasil, foi proposto o Projeto Doenças Cardiovasculares Ateroscleróticas, Dislipidemias, Hipertensão, Obesidade e Diabetes Melito em População da Área Metropolitana de São Paulo (SP), que vem sendo desenvolvido pela Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, desde 1987.…”