Effects of a Cognition‐Emotion 
Focused Program to Increase 
Public Participation in 
Papanicolaou Smear Screening

Abstract

Women's perspectives, attitudes of health care practitioners, and clinical environment need to be considered if change is to happen in women's preventive behavior related to Pap test screening.

Effects of an Educational Intervention Based on the Protection Motivation Theory and Implementation Intentions on First and Second Pap Test Practice in Iran

“…Our findings were consistent with those of similar studies (McClendon and Prentice-Dunn 2001;Fang et al, 2007;Park et al, 2005;Fry and Prentice-Dunn 2006;Chumworathayi et al, 2007;Yucel et al, 2009). A significant decrease was observed between the total number of women in the intervention group that had repeated Pap test at post-test 2 than post-test 1 (58.6% vs 61.9% (Table 3), which shows that such factors may influence repeated Pap test.…”

“…The results of the present study showed that the mean score of self-efficacy among women in the intervention group increased significantly following the intervention, which was consistent with the findings of a study conducted by Park et al who reported that conducting an emotion-cognition focused program could improve perceived self-efficacy in Korean women regarding the Papanicolaou smear screening practice (Park et al, 2005). Beliefs in high personal self-efficacy to cervical cancer screening strongly decreased the perceived barriers of performing it.…”

“…The results of this study showed that the intervention group had more intention to have the Pap test when compared to the control group after the intervention, which was consistent with the findings of similar studies (McClendon and Prentice-Dunn, 2001;Park et al, 2005). Therefore, PMT is a suitable theoretical framework for considering predictive factors of intention of women to attendance for Pap test.…”

Knowledge and Beliefs Related to Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Korean American Women

“…Such screening rates among Korean women who are living in Korea are even lower than they are for Korean women who are living in United States; that is, only 21% to 56% of women in Korea have ever had a Pap test (Y. B. Kim, Noh, Lee, Park, & Mang, 2000;Park, Chang, & Chung, 2005;Sarna et al, 2001). Korean American women's perceived barriers to having a Pap smear could be partially due to their cultural values and attitudes toward exposing their private body parts and the traditional expectation that women sacrifice their needs.…”

Identifying barriers to Papanicolaou smear screening in Korean women: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005

“…9 Other factors identified to negative affect women's decision to get the test include: getting old, low income, low-level of education, lack of insurance coverage, extreme body weight values, disability, uncertain self-efficacy of Pap, negative feelings toward gynecology exam and distinct characteristics of culture. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Several previous studies have found that there are a lot of barriers to cervical cancer screening. However, most of those studies were carried out to cover only a small part of population.…”