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Introduction:Although cesarean section has saved many mothers’ and infants’ lives, the problem is in its increasing prevalence. According to recent statistics, the current rate of cesarean in Iran is in fact 3–4 times as more than the standard rate defined by WHO. Therefore, the present study is aimed to estimate the effect of an instructional program based on health belief model on reducing cesarean rate among primiparous pregnant women.Materials and Methods:In this semi-experimental research, 60 primiparous women who had visited Bandar Abbas Healthcare Centers were selected as the subjects. They were in their 26–30th week of pregnancy. They were selected in a multi-stage cluster sampling method (a combination of clustering and simple randomization), and were divided into two groups, subjects and control group. The data were gathered using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The instructional intervention was done after the completion of the pretest questionnaire based on the sub-constructs of the health belief model in six instructional sessions. 1 month after the intervention, posttest questionnaires were completed by the subjects in both groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, standard deviation, independent t-test, and paired t-test. The significance level was set at <0.05.Results:Two groups had a significant difference between awareness score, perceived sensitivity, intensity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and the performance (P < 0.001). In the experimental group, nine subjects (30%) had a natural delivery.Conclusion:According to the findings of the current research, an instructional program illuminated (designed) by the health belief model can significantly influence pregnant women's awareness, intention, and choice of delivery type.

These findings may be used to develop tailored, theory-based educational interventions associated with Pap testing among women.

Background: Diabetes is a global health issue and the most prevalent chronic metabolic disease, which requires lifelong self-care behaviors. Thus, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the factors of self-care behaviors based on social cognitive theory in diabetic patients referred to comprehensive health service centers in Fasa. Methods: This cross-sectional research comprised 106 type 2 diabetes patients who were referred to Fasa service providers to determine the optimal solution. Outcomes were assessed using an existing demographic questionnaire, the diabetic self-care questionnaire, and a unique questionnaire to assess social cognitive theory, the validity and reliability of which were estimated. SPSS21 software with a Chi license was used for data analysis, and Spearman correlations, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA were performed. Results: The age range of patients was between 33 and 67 years. There was a significant relationship between gender, education, and type of treatment with self-care. According to the findings, the variables of self-efficacy ( r = 0.200), self-efficacy of overcoming obstacles ( r = 0.285), environmental factors ( r = 0.334), observational learning ability ( r = 0.148), situational perception ( r = 0.297), emotional adaptation ( r = 0.051), outcome assessment ( r = 0.114) and outcome expectation ( r = 0.082) had a positive and significant correlation with self-care behaviors. Also, the self-efficacy variable (Beta coefficient = 0.340) had the highest predictive value. Conclusion: In designing and implementing educational interventions for self-care of diabetic patients, the theory of social cognition can be used as a framework to promote and maintain public health in patients.